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Seaweeds as Sustainable Sources for Food Packaging
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Y. S. M. Senarathna, I. Wickramasinghe, S. B. Navaratne
Ulvan, which is the main sulfated polysaccharide from green algae, is considered a good film-forming agent. Nevertheless, the extraction conditions of ulvan, the plasticizer and its concentration used in film formation directly affect properties of the resulting film such as optical, thermal, structural and bioactive properties (Guidara et al. 2019, 2020). As an example, the ulvan films developed using glycerol as the plasticizing agent exhibits better film structure when compared to plasticizing with sorbitol. Meanwhile, Amin (2021) proposed a novel film formula from ulvan with silver nanoparticles as a potential alternative for food packaging with better physical and bioactive properties that helps in food preservation during processing, storage and transportation. However, in-depth attention on property enhancement of ulvan-based films and coatings is important and essential because Ulva is the most abundant alga source in the world; thus, it would be a cost-effective biopolymer source.
Binders in Pharmaceutical Granulation
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Polyvinyl Alcohol is a well-established polymer in the pharmaceutical industry mainly due to its unique properties, such as excellent adhesive strength, film formation, and chemical stability (moisture and oxygen barrier properties). Its most widely used applications are tablet coating and wet granulation, but PVA also plays an important role in solubility enhancement, transdermal patches, and emulsions. This polymer is produced through the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate and typical pharmaceutical grades are partially hydrolyzed materials. PVA is available in a variety of viscosity grades and grades from 10 to 100 millipascal second (mPa.s) lend themselves for tablet granulation processes. PVA’s are water-soluble polymers. It is reported that they form softer granulations, which yield tablets that do not harden with age [9]. They can also be used in melt granulation applications. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer was also developed as a flexible, low viscosity, peroxide-free polymer for immediate release film-forming agent. Studies have found that this graft copolymer has the superior binding performance to HPMC while the performance was comparable to PVP [10].
Polymeric Colloidal Carriers for Natural Polyphenolic Compounds
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Maria Rosaria Lauro, Teresa Musumeci, Francesca Sansone, Giovanni Puglisi, Rosario Pignatello
The MD + GA formulation (25% of core/wall ratio) showed the best efficiency and provided the ACN2 better protection. The higher efficiency was due to the wall material composition. GA reduced the vulnerability of the flavylium cation of anthocyanins to nucleophilic attack of water molecules. This is due to its structure formed by highly branched sugars heteropolymer and protein covalently linked to the carbohydrate chain, resulting in a better film-forming agent and to well entrap the encapsulated molecule. On the other hand, the complex formation between phenols and polysaccharides depends on molecular size, water solubility, conformational mobility, and shape of polyphenol. Moreover, interaction between the flavylium cation of ACNs and dextrins prevent their transformation to less stable chemical forms (Mahdavi et al., 2016).
Effect of casting solvent, film-forming agent and solubilizer on orodispersible films of a polymorphic poorly soluble drug: an in vitro/in silico study
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Ahmed Abd El-Bary, Ibrahim Al Sharabi, Balqees Saeed Haza'a
At room temperature, accurately weighed amount of piroxicam was dissolved in 10 mL of acetone. The resulting solution was added drop wise to 15 mL of distilled water containing one-half of the film-forming polymer under stirring using a magnetic stirrer. The remaining amount of the film-forming agent was then added along with the other components (Table 1). The resultant mixture was then stirred for 6 h until the organic solvent almost completely evaporated before being completed to 20 ml with distilled water to produce casting solution containing 1.25% w/v of the film-forming agents. The final mixture was stirred overnight to get rid the entrapped air bubbles, casted into a 10-cm-diameter plastic Petri dish and dried in an oven at 40 °C for 24 h. The resulting films were gently removed from the plastic dishes and cut into 2 × 2 cm2 pieces and finally stored in tightly closed glass bottles until further investigation (Figure 2).
Visualized analysis and evaluation of simultaneous controlled release of metformin hydrochloride and gliclazide from sandwiched osmotic pump capsule
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Song Gao, Yanjun Chen, Rongfeng Hu, Wenjie Lu, Lingfei Yu, Jiayi Chen, Songlin Liu, Yuxing Guo, Qiang Shen, Bin Wang, Wenyou Fang
The osmotic pump capsule shells consisting of CA, PEG, and TEC were made by dipping glue method, which produced capsule shells through the process of dipping glue, drying, removing, and locking the shells [25–28]. Coating solution was prepared by dissolving CA (film-forming agent), PEG (porogenic agent), and TEC (plasticizer) in acetone/water (95:5 v/v) solvent system. A cylindrical stainless steel mold-pin (Anhui Huang shan Capsule Co., Ltd, Anhui, China) was dipped into the coating solution three times with slowly withdrawing at a constant speed. Afterward, it was rotated horizontally until the capsular shape was formed over the mold-pins. The mold-pin was then withdrawn, and the capsule shells were stripped off and dried at room temperature.
The potential of ODFs as carriers for drugs/vaccines against COVID-19
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Maram Suresh Gupta, Tegginamath Pramod Kumar
ODFs are excellent and attractive carriers for delivery of various over the counter (OTC) or prescription drugs [17], herbal extracts [18–21], vaccines [22], probiotics [23], and vitamins [24]. Drugs are either directly introduced [25–28] in the formulation of ODFs or size reduced and converted to solid dispersions [29] or nanoparticles [30,31] or solid lipid microparticles [32] or micronized and surface modified using silica [33] which not only help in enhancing the amount of drug that could be loaded on to ODFs but also help in enhancing the release rate and, bioavailability of the drug. At present, ODFs are used as an excellent carrier system for delivering various therapeutically active agents. The composition of ODFs includes a drug substance (natural or synthetic), a film-forming agent and plasticizer. Additionally, it also includes saliva stimulating agent, organoleptic agents, and stabilizers [12]. The critical quality characteristics of ODFs are its appearance, stability, water content, uniformity of the active agent, color, taste, aftertaste, and mouthfeel. Most importantly, it shall not cause irritation of mucosa when administered [34]. The authors provided an overview on characterization of ODFs to determine various quality parameters of ODFs and also introduced a 3D printed disintegration test apparatus for testing the disintegration time of ODFs using sensor technology [35]. ODFs are capable for drug delivery in patients with swallowing problems, mentally retarded patients, subjects with Parkinson’s disease, bed-ridden patients, oral cancer patients, and uncooperative patients [36–38]. The present review is focused on critically analyzing the potential of ODFs as carriers for delivering antiviral drugs/herbs/vaccines with a potential for treatment of COVID-19, the global pandemic.