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Gastritis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Proton pump inhibitors reduce acid by blocking the action of the parts of cells that produce acid. These drugs include the prescription and over-the-counter medications omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), and esomeprazole (Nexium).1
Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Reflux esophagitis results in heartburn or pyrosis and esophageal erosion is very common in pregnancy. It is thought to be secondary to decreased gastroesophageal sphincter tone, with resultant gastric acid reflux. Reflux therapy consists primarily of one of the antacid preparations discussed in the previous section. Frequent small feedings and elevation of the head at night may be beneficial. H2-receptor antagonists or PPI (omeprazole or esomeprazole) as well as metoclopramide may prove effective for severe forms of reflux. Esomeprazole and omeprazole are the most popular treatments for reflux esophagitis. Omeprazole and esomeprazole are sufficiently well studied during pregnancy to reasonably state they are safe.
Information on level of drugs into breastmilk
Published in Wendy Jones, Breastfeeding and Medication, 2018
Esomeprazole is the S-isomer of omeprazole and, although there are no studies on the passage into breastmilk, it seems reasonable to assume transfer is likely to be insignificant as virtually all ingested via milk would probably be destroyed in the stomach of the infant prior to absorption. The BNF states that the manufacturer advises it should be avoided as there is no information available on the amount secreted into breastmilk.
Pharmacokinetics of single and repeated oral doses of esomeprazole and gastrin elevation in healthy males and females
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Hólmfríður Helgadóttir, Sigrún H. Lund, Sveinbjörn Gizurarson, Helge Waldum, Einar S. Björnsson
Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio Version 1.1.453 (RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA). Results are reported as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) or percentage. For continuous variables, Student’s t-test was used for unpaired values. When comparing groups with dichotomous variables the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used, as appropriate. When comparing pharmacokinetic parameters between the first and fifth investigation day the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed for the majority of the variables. Shapiro–Wilk’s test was used to test the normality and paired t-tests were performed only for elimination half-life (t1/2) which was sufficiently normally distributed. In all cases, p <.05 was regarded as statistically significant. A mixed effects model was fitted to estimate the mean difference in esomeprazole concentrations after single dose and following repeated doses of esomeprazole with investigation day as a fixed effect and participants as a random effect.
Development of a new esomeprazole delayed release gastro-resistant pellet formulation with improved storage stability
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Panagiotis Barmpalexis, Agni Grypioti
Esomeprazole (ESO) (S)-5-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl) methylsulfinyl]-3 H-benzoimidazole) is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) which reduces acid secretion through inhibition of the H+/K + ATP in gastric parietal cells. It is widely used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [1], for the long-term management, prevention and healing of gastric and, duodenal ulcers associated with NSAID therapy [2], for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcer, [3] and for the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [4]. ESO is the S-isomer of omeprazole (OME). Compared to OME, the oral administration of ESO shows a lower metabolic rate and systemic clearance, which in turn leads to improved pharmacokinetic profile (increased Cmax and AUC) [5,6]. The bioavailability of ESO is 89% while the plasma elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 h. ESO is absorbed in the small intestine and reaches the target parietal cells in the stomach via the bloodstream, while it is rapidly cleared from the body through urinary excretion [7]. The Na+, Mg2+, Li+, K+, Ca2+, and N+(R)4 salts of ESO have been proposed in order to improve the pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) [8], whereas the sodium, magnesium, and magnesium dehydrate/trihydrate salts are currently marketed in Europe.
Investigation of the effects of various antibiotics against Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms on in vitro catheter model
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2018
Emel Mataraci Kara, Berna Ozbek Celik
Although, previous studies showed that enhancement of the antibacterial activities of other antibiotics when combined with clarithromycin has been demonstrated,11,12,44 in our present study clarithromycin combination with antibiotics showed a weak decrease (approximately 1 log10) in the killing against K. pneumoniae biofilms as compared the control. In our study, esomeprazole was chosen for its antimicrobial activity which has recently been shown. Sjostrom et al.15 showed that benzimidazole has a direct antimicrobial effect against Helicobacter pylori. Also, Nguyen et al.14 reported that antibiofilm activity of benzimidazole for oral streptococci. For this reason, esomeprazole which is a form of benzimidazole, was used alone or in combination with antibiotics in our study. However, in our study, esomeprazole alone was not effective for preventing or eliminating of K. pneumoniae colonization in biofilms. Similarly, Singh et al.16 showed that a 1 log10 decrease in the CFU/ml of esomeprazole-exposed P. aerugionsa and S. aureus strains compared to controls after 72 h of exposure.