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Diseases of the Hair
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Rodney Sinclair, Wei-Liang Koh
Management: Watchful waiting (allowing ingrown hair to grow out by self) with application of warm compresses and avoiding further irritation is an option. Mild topical steroids can be used to reduce inflammation. Topical and/or oral antibiotics can be prescribed to treat secondary infection and to reduce inflammation. Depilatory creams, laser hair removal (LHR) and intense pulsed light (IPL) can be considered to prevent recurrences. Topical eflornithine may play a role to reduce hair regrowth rate in between hair removal procedures.
Hits and Lead Discovery in the Identification of New Drugs against the Trypanosomatidic Infections
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Theodora Calogeropoulou, George E. Magoulas, Ina Pöhner, Joanna Panecka-Hofman, Pasquale Linciano, Stefania Ferrari, Nuno Santarem, Ma Dolores Jiménez-Antón, Ana Isabel Olías-Molero, José María Alunda, Anabela Cordeiro da Silva, Rebecca C. Wade, Maria Paola Costi
Eflornithine is the only recent drug approved for HAT in 2000. It is a less toxic alternative to melarsoprol, even though it is completely ineffective against T. b. rhodesiense. The main drawback of eflornithine is the complex regimen of intravenous infusions 4-times per day for 14 days of treatment (Chappuis et al. 2005). Today eflornithine is rarely used alone but is normally prescribed in combination with nifurtimox. Nifurtimox alone is less effective against T. brucei than T. cruzi, but in combination with eflornithine, the efficacy of the treatment is comparable to that of eflornithine alone, but with considerably fewer side-effects than the monotherapy. In addition, the regimen of eflornithine in combination with nifurtimox is more manageable, furthermore permitting an oral administration of the two drugs (Priotto et al. 2009).
Polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism in adolescents
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Andrea E. Bonny, Asma Javed Chattha
A cosmetic hair removal process can offer more immediate results for patients without need for prescription. Electrolysis and laser hair removal therapies are becoming increasingly popular and affordable. Eflornithine is a prescription topical cream effective for removal of unwanted facial hair in females.66 It inhibits the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase at the hair follicle, reducing the rate of hair growth. Eflornithine combined with laser therapy resulted in more rapid reduction in facial hair as compared to laser treatment alone.119,120 Drawbacks include need for indefinite use to maintain efficacy and lack of coverage by most insurance plans in the United States.
Emerging compounds and therapeutic strategies to treat infections from Trypanosoma brucei: an overhaul of the last 5-years patents
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2023
Francesco Melfi, Simone Carradori, Cristina Campestre, Entela Haloci, Alessandra Ammazzalorso, Rossella Grande, Ilaria D’Agostino
Eflornithine (Figure 1) is recognized to be only efficacious against Tbg and can be safely associated with nifurtimox as a combination therapy. Eflornithine was first designed as an anticancer drug, and then it was repurposed for the treatment of late-stage HAT, because of its BBB permeability [11]. The drug correlates with racemic α-difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO) displaying a high structural analogy with ornithine. Indeed, it takes advantage of the amino acid transporter AAT6 to cross cell membrane easily [12]. The substrate ornithine is generally involved in the parasite polyamine biosynthetic pathway to produce spermidine, a component of trypanothione, the protozoan corresponding compound of mammalian glutathione. By hampering ODC, eflornithine can limit the crucial polyamine biosynthesis [13] and allow the accumulation of ornithine, S-adenosylmethionine, and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine, which finally block some methylation reactions of cellular macromolecules [14,15]. Surprisingly, eflornithine was found to counteract hirsutism in women, which was exploited as a repurposed therapeutic approach [16].
Challenges and opportunities with drug repurposing: finding strategies to find alternative uses of therapeutics
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Alan Talevi, Carolina L. Bellera
Systems medicine/network pharmacology offers an integrative perspective on previous (and seemingly colliding) paradigms in drug discovery: phenotypic-oriented and target-oriented, ‘rational’ drug discovery. Network and metabolic control analysis can be useful tools to design multi-target therapeutics or, alternatively, choose a synergistic drug combination. For instance, nifurtimox–eflornithine combination therapy has been included in World Health Organization’s Model List of Essential Medicines to manage advanced stages of the Gambiense form of sleeping sickness. The combination is easier to administer, it has a shorter treatment duration than the eflornithine monotherapy, and it is potentially protective against the emergence of resistant parasites. Interestingly, both drugs in the exemplified combination are repurposed cases: eflornithine was initially developed for cancer treatment in the late 1970s, and nifurtimox was originally approved for the treatment of American trypanosomiasis.
Laser-assisted hair removal for facial hirsutism in women: A review of evidence
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Eflornithine, an antiprotozoal drug, is an FDA-approved prescription cream (Vaniqa®, Allergan, Irvine, CA.) licensed for facial hirsutism in adult women (28). It has been studied as an adjunct to a long-pulsed alexandrite laser in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which statistically significant superiority was evident in comparison with laser treatment alone (29). Clinical effect was assessed on the upper lip in women aged 18 years or older with unwanted facial hair. Whilst individuals with clinical stigmata of hyperandrogenism were excluded from the study it could be relevant to laser hair removal in PCOS related facial hirsutism, because of the need of a higher treatment efficacy. This single-center study received public funding and with the follow-up at 6 months the outcomes did not mirror long-term efficacy. In addition, like many of the contemporary studies of laser hair removal, assessment was subjective. Safety of the treatments in combination was assured so any future long-term follow up of a trial of this kind with may prove worth-while.