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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Joel J. Kirschbaum, Adorjan Aszalos
A 5-μm silica column, 100 × 4.6 mm, was used with a mobile phase of diisopropyl ether-methanol-21% aqueous ammonium hydroxide (96:4:0.1) flowing at 2 ml/min through a 254 nm detector [72] to assay dapsone in combination with pyrimethamine. The minimum concentrations that could be reliably measured were 10 ng/ml for pyrimethamine and 5 ng/ml for dapsone and monoacetyl dapsone.
Radiochemical Processing of Activated Targets
Published in Frank Helus, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radionuclides Production, 2019
If solvent extraction is used, high radiochemical purity can be achieved by diluting the HCl solution of dissolved irradiated target to 7 N and extracting it with diisopropyl ether. Under these conditions, the radiogallium is present as GaCl3, which extracts into the organic phase. The 67Ga is then converted to an aqueous solution by either back extracting the diiosoprophyl ether with dilute HCl, or by evaporating the organic solvent and redissolving the residue in dilute HCl. Chemical purity of the product can be determined by radionuclidic analysis for Zn radionuclides. The simplicity of this approach has made it attractive for both research and routine production purposes. In the latter case, several Ci of 67Ga may be processed at any one time and provision for remote manipulations is essential.
Orthopaedic Pharmacology
Published in Manoj Ramachandran, Tom Nunn, Basic Orthopaedic Sciences, 2018
Manoj Ramachandran, Daud Chou, Natasha Rahman
Isoflurane and sevoflurane are ethers used for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. Isoflurane is a halogenated ether, while sevoflurane is a sweet-smelling, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether. Therapeutic N2O (Entonox or Nitronox) is normally administered as a mixture with 50% N2O and 50% oxygen. Depending on the concentration and length of administration, N2O can cause various levels of sedation; paraesthesia, euphoria (laughing), sleepiness and difficulty opening the eyes. Inhalation of N2O is frequently used to relieve pain associated with trauma and fracture reduction in Accident & Emergency (A&E).
Effects of sevoflurane on reproductive function of male rats and its main mechanism of action
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2019
Yanhong Cui, Jingying Liu, Yulin Zhu, Kun Xie, Jingui Yu, Lingzhi Yu, Yanhao Wang
This study shows that sevoflurane has adverse effects on spermatogenesis of rats by systematically affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Sevoflurane is a colorless, non-flammable, methyl-isopropyl ether. As one of the commonly used halogenated inhalation anesthetic agents in clinics, its regular dose in clinics is 60,000–80,000 ppm in oxygen/nitrous oxide for the induction of anesthesia and 5000–30,000 ppm for maintenance of anesthesia (Laegemiddelstyrelsen 2005). Previous studies have shown that exposure to isoflurane and sevoflurane could significantly decrease the sperm motility and vitality of rabbits (Ceyhan et al. 2005) and exposure to sevoflurane significantly reduced the sperm concentration and motility of male rats (Xu et al. 2012). Consistent with these reports, our study showed that exposure to sevoflurane at low doses from 50 ppm to 1800 ppm significantly decreased the number of testicular sperm and daily sperm production in a dose dependent manner. Besides sperm production, sevoflurane also altered the morphology of sperm producing organs of rats, as indicated atrophic and vacuolar-like changes in vasa deferentia and obvious atrophy in the seminiferous tubules.
Inflammation scintigraphy imaging through a novel antimicrobial peptide labeled with technetium-99m in an animal model
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Maryam Mazaheri Tehrani, Mostafa Erfani, Mostafa Goudarzi
The MccJ25 derivative peptide analog was made chemically on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin utilizing Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis strategies for the preparation. The selected chelator hydrazinonicotinamide was connected to the final amine in the structure through the coupling reagent HATU as previously described (Mazaheri Tehrani et al. 2019). To provide the crude product the synthesized mixture was deposited with diisopropyl ether. Then, it was purified by HPLC to acquire the respective chelator peptide conjugate. Finally, the conjugate was characterized analytically using reversed-phase chromatography and mass spectroscopy.
Effect of inhaled anesthetic gases on immune status alterations in health care workers
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2021
Ashraf Mahmoud Emara, Khaled Ali Alrasheedi, Salha Dihim Alrashidi, Rehab Mohamed Elgharabawy
Sevoflurane, a highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether, is a popular gaseous anesthetic owing to its cardiorespiratory safety profile (Delgado-Herrera et al. 2001). Once entrained and transported from the lungs, it is broken down in the liver to form inorganic fluoride and hexa-fluoro-isopropanol (HFIP) metabolites. Consequently, serum levels of these compounds can be detected rapidly after inhalation (Kharasch 1995). In theory, medical personnel using inhalation anesthesia like Sevoflurane are at risk of WAG inhalation and vulnerable to any potential immunomodulating properties of the agents.