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Breast disorders in children and adolescents
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Nirupama K. De Silva, Monica Henning
Although Staphylococcus aureus is the offending organism in almost all cases, in infants, infections with group A streptococcus, enterococcus, and anaerobic streptococci have been reported.1 While dicloxacillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid are common antibiotics prescribed,1 the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has also become significant enough to warrant using antibiotics that have activity against MRSA, such as clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, or vancomycin.34 Gram-negative coverage, particularly in newborns, may be indicated until culture results are obtained.
Breast-Feeding
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Julia Head, Stephanie-Marie L. Jones, Marcie K. Richardson, Angela Grone
Treatment includes oral antibiotic therapy for 10–14 days. Dicloxacillin is first-line in women who are not allergic to penicillins. Sulfa drugs should be avoided for women with infants less than one month. In addition to antibiotics, it is equally important that women with mastitis use local measures to promote recovery. They can continue feeding on both sides and should use heat and massage prior to feedings to increase emptying of the breasts.
Penicillins
Published in Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan, Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
These agents have activity against both streptococcal and P-lactamase-producing staphylococcal infections. They are primarily indicated for treatment of staphylococcal infections caused by penicillinase-producing strains. However, all antistaphylococcal penicillins are ineffective against MRSA. Dicloxacillin and cloxacillin are used as oral formulations for mild to moderate infections of skin and soft tissue.
Implementation of sacral neuromodulation for urinary indications. A Danish prospective study during the initial 15 months of a new service in a tertiary referral hospital
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2022
Hanne Kobberø, Margrethe Andersen, Karin Andersen, Torben Brøchner Pedersen, Mads Hvid Poulsen
Our study revealed that SNM could be done without life-threatening side effects. The overall complication rate is rather high compared to other studies and most complications were related to the electrode implantation and the learning curve around the SNM set-up [29]. Due to IPG-site infection requiring revision under local anesthesia, the most severe complication was classified as Grade IIIa according to Clavien-Dindo. There are no evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis to avoid infections from implanting sacral devices [15,30]. The local microbiologist was consulted for the appropriate perioperative antibiotic regimen. The regimen of antibiotics for the rest of the patients in the study was changed from cefuroxime, metronidazole and hexamycine to dicloxacillin. Staphylococcus aureus is the most cultured organism and is sensitive to prophylactic antibiotics. No other study has reported intestinal bacteria as a causative agent [30].
Assessment of rationality of available fixed dose combinations of antibiotics in India
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Pooja Anand, Navjot Kaur, Veena Verma, Nusrat Shafiq, Samir Malhotra
Through the present work, we observed that over 90% of the studied FDCs were irrational. The reason for classifying them as irrational in great majority of the cases was the lack of robust clinical evidence from peer reviewed literature to support the claim. What is more perplexing; is the fact that the indications for which these are being marketed are not clearly outlined. This becomes a point of major concern for markets where there is no digitalized system for assessing prescriptions. For instance, availability of fluoroquinolone and cefixime FDC for typhoid may make it a common practice to use this combination upfront for typhoid despite not being approved by any of the regulatory authority [23]. It becomes even more important since fluoroquinolone resistance is substantially high in this region [24]. Similarly, combination of ampicillin-cloxacillin and ampicillin–dicloxacillin in sub-therapeutic doses (250 mg) has no therapeutic rationale but for potential for inappropriate use. Ironically, these combinations continue to exist when similar FDCs of amoxicillin–cloxacillin and amoxicillin–dicloxacillin have been banned [15]. Furthermore, while many antibiotic FDCs have been banned from use in country on account of the FDC components belonging to watch or reserve group of WHO-AWaRe categories [25]; we found that still 59% of such combinations continue to be available (Tables A1–A4).
Bilateral dacryocystitis complicated by unilateral retrobulbar abscess in a five-week-old infant
Published in Orbit, 2020
Marianne Juul-Dam, Clara Laursen, Linda Wiboe, Birgitte Hertz, Jesper Bille, Kristian Næser
He was readmitted acutely the following day due to the rapid development of left-side periorbital swelling and inflammation (Figure 1a). His general condition deteriorated during the following 2 days and C-Reactive Protein increased to 40 mg/l (normal <8 mg/l). Intravenous dicloxacillin (50 mg/kg daily), chloramphenicol, 0.5%, eye drops and ciprofloxacin, 3 mg/ml, eye drops were administrated. Two days later the antibiotic treatment was converted to intravenous cefuroxime (100 mg/kg daily) due to severe infection. Blood cultures were normal, but cultures from the eye subsequently showed growth of Staphylococcus aureus. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan demonstrated bilateral dacryocystocele and a left-sided, presumed retrobulbar orbital abscess (Figure 1b). Serial images suggested that the orbital components represented multiple cystic expansions of the lacrimal sac, interconnected with thin channels.