China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Transfusion practice in resuscitation and critical illness
Published in Jennifer Duguid, Lawrence Tim Goodnough, Michael J. Desmond, Transfusion Medicine in Practice, 2020
Dextrans are glucose polymers produced by the bacterium Leuconostoc after incubation in a sucrose medium. Dextrans have fallen from clinical popularity because of a perceived risk of serious adverse reactions. Both of the commercially available preparations, 10% dextran 40 and 6% dextran 70, are hyperoncotic relative to plasma. Dextran 40 causes a greater increase in plasma volume than dextran 70, but its effects only last for a few hours and so dextran 70 is the preferred solution because of its longer duration of action.
Fluids and electrolyte management
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Geriatric Neuroanesthesia, 2019
The colloid fluids used today include albumin 5%, hydroxyethyl starch (HES), dextran 70, and gelatin. Albumin 5% expands the plasma volume by 80% (40), HES by 100% (41), and dextran 70 by slightly more than 100% of the infused amount. There are scarce data on gelatin, but the expansion is probably close to that of HES. The half-life for the intravascular persistence of these colloids is 110 min for albumin and HES, and 175 min for dextran 70 (42). There are no data on the intravascular persistence of colloid fluids during surgery, but a shorter half-life is implicated in inflammatory disease due to increased capillary leakage of macromolecules.
Miscellaneous: Dextran, Dermatan Sulfate, Low Molecular Weight Heparinoids (Org 10172), Pentosan Polysulfate (Sp54), Defibrinating Agents (Ancrod And Reptilase)
Published in Hau C. Kwaan, Meyer M. Samama, Clinical Thrombosis, 2019
M. M. Samama, P. C. Desnoyers, H. C. Kwaan
Dextrans are high molecular weight polysaccharides consisting of glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds. Dextran 40 with a molecular weight of 40 kDa and Dextran 70 with a molecular weight of 70 kDa are the most frequently used preparations.
Alkoxy cyanoacrylate-based nanoparticles with stealth and brain-targeting properties
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Jimin Liu, Yunfeng Li, Shan Liu, Yi Zhang, Yuan Luo, Yang Yang, Xiaomei Zhuang, Xuanzhi Wang, Baoquan Zhao, Tao Xu, Liang Xu
After 0.04 g DEAE-Dextran (70,000 Da) and 0.06 g Dextran-70 were dissolved in 10 mL deionised water, the solution was adjusted to pH 2 with 0.1 M HCl. Then, 100 μL CA monomers in 500 μL acetonitrile were added in a dropwise fashion, after which the mixture was stirred with a magnet at room temperature for 10 h. The resulting suspension was neutralised with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, then filtered and centrifuged at 4 °C and 40,000 rpm. The precipitate was resuspended in deionised water after freeze-drying to prepare a 10 μg/mL NP solution. After ASON was added at a mass ratio of 10:1 (NP:ASON) and incubated for 30 min, 1% Tween 80 (10 μL) was added. The mixture was incubated for 10 min to obtain the final ASON–NPs. The final concentration of ASON–NP stock solution was 10 μg/mL (equivalent to ASON). Unless noted otherwise, concentration values below represent the concentration of nucleic acid contained within the NP. And FITC is used to mark ASON.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2021
Anne-Mette Hvas, Emmanuel J Favaloro, Maja Hellfritzsch
Danaparoid has been tested in an open-label, multicenter randomized control trial (RCT) testing danaparoid (n = 25) versus dextran-70 (n = 17), which at the time of study conduct was used for treatment of HIT in the study country (Australia) [55]. All patients had a clinical diagnosis of highly probable HIT, based on onset of thrombocytopenia during heparin treatment, exclusion of other causes of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis [55]. The study found around four times higher odds for complete or partial resolution of thrombotic events in the danaparoid treated patients (n = 25) compared to the patients receiving dextran-70 (=17) (odds ratio 4.55, [95% confidence interval 1.2–16.7]), the broad confidence interval probably reflecting the relatively low sample size. No major bleedings were reported in any groups. Notably, the study population underwent diagnostics for HIT only after inclusion: 81% had positive tests by functional assays, seven (17%) had negative test results, and one patient was not tested. Immunological test results turned out to be positive in 76% of patients given danaparoid and 88% patients given dextran-70 [55]. However, it was not reported how many patients turned out to have both negative functional and immunological test results.
GDNF enhances human blood-nerve barrier function in vitro via MAPK signaling pathways
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2018
Chaoling Dong, Eroboghene E. Ubogu
GDNF significantly reduced solute permeability to Na-FITC (Figure 6A) and dextran-70-FITC (Figure 6B) 48 hours after serum withdrawal when normalized and compared to the untreated (basal) condition. This effect was abolished by specific cell-permeable inhibitors against RET-tyrosine kinase, MEK1 and ERK1/2, with no significant differences observed between these inhibitors and basal conditions. The mean solute permeability to Na-FITC following serum withdrawal under basal conditions was 10.89 (± 4.54)%, with a reduction to 6.91 (± 2.00)% following 1 ng/mL GDNF treatment. The mean Na-FITC permeabilities following serum withdrawal with concurrent treatment with GDNF and specific inhibitors of RET-tyrosine kinase, MEK1 and ERK1/2 were 11.25 (± 3.22)%, 9.57 (± 2.97)% and 11.70 (± 3.60)% respectively and were not different from basal conditions. The mean solute permeability to dextran-70-FITC following serum withdrawal under basal conditions was 2.61 (± 1.39)%, with a reduction to 1.93 (± 0.94)% following GDNF treatment. The mean dextran-70-FITC permeabilities following serum withdrawal and concurrent treatment with GDNF and specific inhibitors of RET-tyrosine kinase, MEK1 and ERK1/2 were 2.95 (± 1.18)%, 2.54 (± 1.20)% and 2.54 (± 1.06)% respectively, and were not different from basal conditions based on normalized values under basal conditions without exogenous GDNF treatment.