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Delta-Sleep-Inducing Peptide and its Derivatives
Published in Shojiro Inoué, Biology of Sleep Substances, 2020
As described in Chapter 2, the search for delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) was undergone by tracing its activity to induce electroencephalographic (EEG) delta sleep1 (see Figure 1.) EEG delta activity increases by 30 to 50% above the baseline level, if an effective dose of DSIP is intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), intravenously (i.v.), intraperitoneally (i.p.), or subcutaneously (s.c.) administered in rabbits. Interestingly, the dose-response curve illustrates a parabolic or bell-shaped form (see Figure 2) regardless of the administration routes. In rabbits, the optimal dose for i.c.v., i.v., and s.c. administration is 6 to 8, 30, and up to 70 nmol/kg, respectively.2 Different research groups have confirmed the slow-wave sleep (SWS)-enhancing activity of DSIP in rabbits.3-11 Some investigators noted that DSIP also enhanced EEG sigma (spindle) activity.4-8,11
Age-Related Changes in Neuropeptidergic Neurons in the Human Hypothalamus
Published in Alvaro Macieira-Coelho, Molecular Basis of Aging, 2017
Jiang-Ning Zhou, Dick F. Swaab
LHRH is less widely distributed in the brain than many other neuropeptides. LHRH-containing cell bodies are located predominantly in the infundibular nucleus and preoptic area.109,107,110 LHRH-immunoreactive fibers project to the median eminence, septum, stria terminalis, ventral pallidum, dorsomedial thalamus, olfactory stria, and the anterior olfactory area of the human brain.111 Recently, a much wider distribution and greater number of LHRH neurons was found in the human hypothalamus using in situ hybridization.112 In this study, three subtypes of LHRH neurons were found as well as two types of small-sized neurons located primarily in the hypothalamus, suggesting that different functional subgroups of LHRH neurons exist in the human brain.112 The colocalization of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and LHRH, as found in the arcuate nucleus of aged human subjects, suggests that DSIP may also play a physiological role in LHRH neurons.113
PEPTIDES
Published in Stephen W. Carmichael, Susan L. Stoddard, The Adrenal Medulla 1986 - 1988, 2017
Stephen W. Carmichael, Susan L. Stoddard
Ekman, Bjartell, Ekblad et al. (1987) demonstrated delta sleep-inducing peptide-immunoreactivity in the porcine adrenal medulla and pituitary by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemically. The peptide-reactive cells in the adrenal medulla were identical with a major population of the norepinephrine-containing cells.
Diet and nutrients in the modulation of infant sleep: A review of the literature
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Nora Schneider, Gisella Mutungi, Javier Cubero
Similarly, maximum levels of the amino acid tryptophan as well as of melatonin, a hormone synthesized from tryptophan, are reached during the night. Maximum levels of sodium, potassium, cortisol, the neuropeptide delta sleep-inducing peptide, folates and lipids, on the other hand, are reached at late afternoon or dusk.50515253–54 Although the findings on individual nutrient level changes have to be regarded with caution, particularly due to methodological differences between studies in sampling and analyses of maternal breast milk, the overall body of evidence suggests a significant circadian rhythm of breast milk composition in general and some nutrients as listed above more specifically.