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Fatigue/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Glycine: In a blinded and controlled study, using 3 gm of glycine an hour before bed for four days appeared to promote sleep quality associated with reduced sleep latency and reduced time to reach slow wave sleep, which resulted in improved daytime fatigue scores and cognition scores.14
Single Amino Acids
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Although glycine is considered to be dispensable in the diet, it is still an important amino acid in the metabolism.276 Glycine makes up one third of the amino acids in collagen and a high proportion in elastin. Thus, glycine supply during healing is essential for proper progression of repair. Almost no studies have specifically examined the effects of glycine on injury rehabilitation or connective tissue healing. Glycine supplementation has been used in control groups in studies on arginine effects on human immune function and wound healing after surgery.221 Although glycine administration was associated with favorable results for nitrogen balance and immune functions, the responses from arginine were even better. Thus, supplementation with large amounts of glycine is not considered to be as effective as other amino acids for postsurgical healing.
Neurotransmitters and Receptors, Ion Channels, G Proteins and Second Messengers
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
Glycine is an inhibitory amino acid found in the CNS. The glycine receptor has a pentameric structure. It mediates postsynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord by opening chloride channels. Strychnine is an antagonist and produces convulsions.
Effect of Oyster Meat Preload on Postmeal Glycemic Control in Healthy Young Adults
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Shuting Lin, Gengxin Hao, Dong Lai, Yan Tian, Min Long, Fei Lai, Yongmei Xiong, Changfu Ji, Yuan Zang
In addition to proteins, amino acids have also received great attention. Numerous amino acids are closely related with insulin secretion (26). OM is also rich in amino acids with glutamic acid content as the highest, followed by aspartic acid and glycine. Although the role of glutamate in insulin secretion is still controversial, glutamate is an important precursor for the synthesis of several amino acids, such as glutamine, arginine, and lysine, which regulate blood glucose (27). Greenfield et al. (28) reported that glutamine can stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 in healthy and diabetic patients. Arginine supplementation can improve vascular insulin sensitivity (5). Lysine exhibits a modest lowering effect on blood glucose and insulin responses (29). Glycine can promote the utilization of blood glucose in tissues and reduces blood glucose (30). Some plants with hypoglycemic activity exhibit similar amino acid composition (31). Amino acids can regulate islet function and improve insulin resistance through mTOR-S6k1 signaling pathway. Further experiments are needed to verify the mechanism (32, 33).
The Importance of Characterizing the Hemoglobin Instability of New Variants: The Case of Hb Dompierre [β29(B11)Gly→Arg, HBB: c.88G>C]
Published in Hemoglobin, 2020
Etienne Mondesert, Muriel Giansily Blaizot, Olivier Tournilhac, Anne François Serre Sapin, Bernard Aubin, Jean-Luc Pellequer, Patricia Aguilar Martinez
Structural analysis of Hb Dompierre showed that Gly29 (Gly30 in the HGVS nomenclature) is entirely buried and that its replacement with a large positively charged residue (Arg) would be highly unfavorable. Glycine is a very special amino acid as it often occupies positions in the molecular structure that could rarely be occupied by any of the remaining 19 amino acids. It is likely that the unfavorable replacement of Gly29 by arginine may destabilize the local structure of the β chain, resulting in mild instability of the variant Hb [9]. The level of the Dompierre variant is not decreased as it occurs with many other mildly unstable Hbs. This may be attributable to the fact that the phi and psi angles of the wildtype Gly29 may suit any other amino acid residues and the modeling with Missense3D points to the possibility of solvent-exposed orientation of arginine [Figure 1(D)].
A metabolomic study on the anti-depressive effects of two active components from Chrysanthemum morifolium
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Tong Liu, Ning Zhou, Ruihao Xu, Yangang Cao, Yanli Zhang, Zhen Liu, Xiaoke Zheng, Weisheng Feng
From the theories of TCM, depression is closely related to liver injury, and elevated blood ammonia levels may be one of the important causes of abnormalities in the liver [40]. The conjugation of glycine with phenylacetate to form phenylacetylglycine through acyl-CoA has been shown to be a new ammonia-lowering route [41]. After the administration of Chr/Nar/Api, the level of phenylacetylglycine increased. This indicated that Chr/Nar/Api could ameliorate liver injury in depressed mice by reducing the level of blood ammonia. Hippuric acid is also a metabolite of glycine [42]. Glycine is deceased in the liver periphery, and may serve as a clinical trait-marker for depression [43]. Glycine is currently a favoured therapeutic target for rapid anti-depressant action [44]. The levels of phenylacetylglycine and hippuric acid were significantly increased after the administration of Chr and its two active components, indicating that the level of total glycine had increased.