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Adulteration of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
ISO standard 3053 shows character and data for this oil. Pure oils possess as marker the compound nootkatone from traces up to 0.8%, depending on the fruit status. This compound is used for blending, together with n-octanal, n-nonanal, n-decanal, and synthetic citral. Adulteration is performed by orange terpenes and distilled grapefruit residues from expression and limonene—80°. Detection must be done exclusively by multidimensional enantiomeric separation. Dugo and Mondello (2011) published the following chiral data: (R)-(−)-α-pinene (0.3%–0.8%):(S)-(+)-α-pinene (99.2%–99.7%); (R)-(+)-β-pinene (62.0%–76.8%):(S)-(−)-β-pinene (23.2%–38.0%); (R)-(+)-sabinene (98.4%–98.5%):(S)-(−)-sabinene (1.5%–1.6%); (S)-(−)-limonene (0.5%–0.6%):(R)-(+)-limonene (98.4%–98.5%); (R)-(−)-linalool (32.0%–43.0%):(S)-(+)-linalool (57.0%–68.0%); (S)-(−)-citronellal (16.6%–21.4%):(R)-(+)-citronellal (57.0%–68.0%); (S)-(−)-α-terpineol (1.2%–3.3%):(R)-(+)-α-terpineol (96.7%–99.8%); and (S)-(+)-carvone:(R)-(−)-carvone 34.8%.
A systems approach for institutional CBME adoption at Queen’s University
Published in Medical Teacher, 2020
Denise Stockley, Rylan Egan, Richard Van Wylick, Amber Hastings Truelove, Laura McEwen, Damon Dagnone, Ross Walker, Leslie Flynn, Richard Reznick
The team developed an implementation plan to address the 8 core components for our Readiness Strategy. These include governance, program evaluation, communications, faculty development, curriculum, assessment, technology, scholarship, and simulation. To date, we have held 14 workshops for all speciality Program leaders and provided individualized sessions on a variety of CBME topics. As part of the program evaluation we have collected baseline interview data from 9 Faculty/Decanal leaders and 29 speciality CBME leads (over 100 interviews in years 1–3). We have distributed and analyzed a system-wide questionnaire regarding the changes to further establish baseline data before our 2017 launch. CBME scholarship/research grants account for $345,667 of new funding through the Endowed Scholarship and Education Fund, Special Purpose Grants, and from the Maudsley Foundation.
Multifunctional fluorescent titania nanoparticles: green preparation and applications as antibacterial and cancer theranostic agents
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Mina Masoudi, Mansour Mashreghi, Elaheh Goharshadi, Azadeh Meshkini
The Bradford protein assay is one of the popular spectroscopic analytical procedure used to measure the quantity of protein in a solution [9]. First, a standard curve of bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) as a reference protein, was obtained by plotting the absorbance value versus different concentrations. For this purpose, Bradford reagent (1 mL) was added to the suspension of different concentrations of the BSA (50–400 μg/mL), incubated at room temperature for 5 min. The absorption of the samples was recorded with UNICO S2100 UV spectrophotometer (Unico, Shanghai, China) at 595 nm. The different concentrations of the FTN (1 and 2 mg/mL) were analogously treated and the relevant protein concentration was determined by extrapolation of the standard curve. The HTN was used as a negative control. The fluorescence/photoluminescence spectra of both samples were recorded on RF-1501 spectrofluorophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The activity of the luciferase enzyme was investigated using decanal as an aldehyde [10]. For this purpose, the prepared decanal suspension (5 μL) was added to the suspension of samples (50 μL, 4 mg/mL) and the amount of emitted light was measured at interval 10 min using luminometer FB12 (Berthold, Bad Wildbad, Germany). The HTN was considered as a control.
Can Plasmodium’s tricks for enhancing its transmission be turned against the parasite? New hopes for vector control
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2019
S. Noushin Emami, Melika Hajkazemian, Raimondas Mozūraitis
The accumulating data that pathogens manipulate host odor profiles to influence vector behavior reveal a possibility for developing new non-interventional, volatile-based malaria detection methods that have to be reliable, user-friendly, and affordably for the screening of human populations. Number of studies dealing with VOCs collection from human skin, breath, or blood showed volatile signature of parasite presence. Certain volatiles have been repeatedly found as indicators of the presence of malaria parasite, for example, octanal, nonanal, decanal, isoprene, tridecane, α-pinene and limonene (Figure 2). However, a single study has been reported that the amount of these volatiles can significantly differ with respect to the presence/absence of parasite as well as the presence of various parasite stages with regard to large structural diversity (Figure 2). Moreover, so far no parasite-specific compound has been identified, except in the study that is carried out by Kelly et al. [47] where identifications remain putative and have to be confirmed. The absence of parasite-specific volatiles is in accordance with the deceptive chemical signal hypothesis that predicts parasite manipulates existing host-cues rather than produces novel signals resulting in increased attractiveness of infected vertebrate hosts [83,84]. It is much more challenging to build a model that classifies samples based on quantitative rather than the qualitative difference of diagnostic compounds. The next step will be to determine whether quantitative differences of diagnostic volatiles between healthy and different stage malaria bearing individuals are large enough with respect to genetic variation among individuals, geographical regions, and diet, as well as the presence of other pathogens and parasites.