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Survey of Indigenous Knowledge of Medicinal Plants in India
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Acharaya Balkrishna, Nishant Gupta, Deepak K. Gond, Ishwar P. Sharma, Rachana Bhandari, Vedpriya Arya
Datura metel and Datura innoxia are used by natives for treatment of cancer in the selected study areas. In other previous studies, Helicteres isora [13–15] was reported for cancer treatment. Various herbal remedies have been studied for different genito-urinary ailments (such as infertility, gynecological disorders, urinary disorders, sexual weakness, menstrual problems, etc.) [8, 9, 24, 29].
Acetylcholine as a Regulator of Differentiation and Development in Tomato
Published in Akula Ramakrishna, Victoria V. Roshchina, Neurotransmitters in Plants, 2018
The meristematic and differentiating plant tissues also have higher ACh (Jaffe, 1970; Evans, 1972; Fluck and Jaffe, 1974a; Mukherjee, 1980; Hoshino, 1983), as well as high AChE activity (Raineri and Modensi, 1986). ACh and AChE have also been related to morphogenic processes. Tyagi (1982) studied the effect of ACh and two inhibitors of AChE, viz. neostigmine and physostigmine on in vitro androgenesis in Datura innoxia and showed that ACh as well as anti-ChE promote haploid formation. In lichen, Parmelia caperata, ChE activity was found in symbionts, alga, and fungus. During the early morphogenesis of soredia, the activity was associated with algal proliferation. After completion of differentiation, both the inner dividing algal layer and an outer fungal hyphae envelop showed ChE activity, suggesting the involvement of cholinergic system in regulating morphogenic processes, such as, cell division, oriented tip growth, and membrane interactions of the symbionts (Raineri and Modensi, 1986). In Narcissus confusus, the content of an anti-ChE compound galanthamine increased with tissue differentiation (Selleś et al., 1999).
Growth and Development of Medicinal Plants, and Production of Secondary Metabolites under Ozone Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Deepti, Archana (Joshi) Bachheti, Piyush Bhalla, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, Azamal Husen
Primary metabolites are required for the normal growth or development of plants, while secondary metabolites are synthesized by plants to adapt, defend against hostile organisms or diseases or environment, or to adjust in the variable environmental conditions. Alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, glycosides, and coumarins are among the major secondary metabolites that are used in medicines (Bachheti et al. 2020, 2021; Beshah et al. 2020; Sharma et al. 2020). For protection against the whims of nature like flood, drought, heat, and cold, etc., and against predators and pathogens, plants have developed varied physical and chemical mechanisms during their evolution. The production of a variety of phytochemicals to face the various biotic or abiotic threats or stresses is the most thriving adaptation of plants. For instance, antioxidants are produced by plants to deal with oxidative stress. These phytochemicals are stored in various plant parts such as fruits, leaves, bark, stem, flower, or hardwood, etc. to paralyse, knock back, or kill the predator or disease-causing agents. Sometimes the production of secondary metabolites is also influenced by the collaboration of other living organisms, such as soil microbes or plants. Plant health, crop yield, and ecosystem structure or function are adversely affected by tropospheric ozone and global warming (Krupa et al. 1988; Runeckles et al. 1992; Glick et al. 1995; Holopainen et al. 2018; Ainsworth et al. 2020; Gupta et al. 2021). Many studies have been reported on medicinal plants (such as Azadirachta indica, Cassia occidentalis, Cajanus cajan, and Datura innoxia) and their interactions with climate change or air pollution (Gupta and Ghouse 1987; Husen 1997, 2020a; Husen et al. 1999; Husen and Iqbal 2004; Joshi et al. 2009; Iqbal et al. 2010a, 2010b; Adrees et al. 2016; Yadav et al. 2019; Mukherjee et al. 2019). Thus, threats to plant growth and productivity from climate change and unforeseeable environmental extremes have constantly increased. Climate change-driven effects, especially from unpredictable environmental fluctuations, can result in an increased prevalence of abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. These stresses have slowed down the global yields of the crop as well as medicinal plants (Bachheti et al. 2021; Husen 2021a). However, plant exposure to certain biostimulants, bio- and nano-fertilizers and/or hormones reduces damage caused by stress, improves the defence mechanisms involved, and also helps in disease management and nutrient-use efficiency (Singh and Husen 2020; Husen 2021b).
In vitro cytotoxicity of polyphenols from Datura innoxia aqueous leaf-extract on human leukemia K562 cells: DNA and nuclear proteins as targets
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Elham Chamani, Roshanak Ebrahimi, Khatereh Khorsandi, Azadeh Meshkini, Asghar Zarban, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
Interest has increased globally on the use of medicinal plants (Quansah and Karikari 2016). The genus Datura from the Solanaceae family has a long and clear history in traditional medicine (Śramska et al. 2017). Species such as Datura stromonium, Datura innoxia, and Datura metel contain flavonoid and alkaloid compounds. Datura innoxia is an annual with a vegetal stem and large, pale green leaves (Figure 1(A)). This plant is funnel-shaped with white flowers, five stamens, and a superior ovary (Schultes and Hofmann 1979, Fatima et al. 2015). Because of the fragrant odor of the flowers at night, D. innoxia is also known as moon flower and it is cultivated as a woody ornamental (De Wolf 1956). Datura innoxia differs from D. stromonium in having small flowers and smooth-edged leaves (Figure 1(B)) (Kayani et al. 2014). The seeds are black and disk-shaped. The fruit is thorny and are known as thorn apples (Fatima et al. 2015).