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Tobacco Use Disorder
Published in James MacKillop, George A. Kenna, Lorenzo Leggio, Lara A. Ray, Integrating Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Addictive Disorders, 2017
James MacKillop, Joshua C. Gray, Max M. Owens, Jennifer Laude, Sean David
Though it has been prescribed as a smoking cessation medication in Eastern Europe since 1964, it is, unfortunately, not formally approved beyond that region, albeit available for purchase online. Certainly, more research on cytisine under real-world conditions and in specific patient populations is needed to fully confirm its efficacy and safety [65, 68], but given its relative efficacy, low cost, safety, and mild side effects compared to other smoking cessation medications, the case for using cytisine is strong in jurisdictions where it is available.
Discovery and development of varenicline for smoking cessation
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2018
Chloe J. Jordan, Zheng-Xiong Xi
Cytisine is an alkaloid with a molecular structure similar to nicotine (Figure 2) and has high affinity for the α4β2 nAchR subtype [27]. Cytisine is derived from the plant Cytisus laburnum, a deciduous shrub that is native to central and southern Europe. Preclinically, cytisine produces locomotor activation and substitutes for nicotine in self-administration studies, suggesting it may have modest abuse potential [28]. However, cytisine does not induce reinstatement to nicotine-seeking behaviors following extinction and at higher doses blocks the discriminative effects of nicotine [28], suggesting cytisine is unlikely to induce relapse to nicotine seeking during abstinence.
Identification of the most effective pharmaceutical products for smoking cessation: A literature review
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2018
Studies on cytisine (licensed for use only in Russia and Eastern Europe) have shown cessation benefits compared with placebos without eliciting serious adverse events (RR 3.98; 95% CI 2.01–7.87) (Cahill et al., 2013). However, the number of trials conducted on cytisine in those studies was relatively small, and the confidence intervals were wide.
Ascending single dose pharmacokinetics of cytisine in healthy adult smokers
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Soo Hee Jeong, Janie Sheridan, Chris Bullen, David Newcombe, Natalie Walker, Malcolm Tingle
Cytisine, a plant-derived alkaloid, is a partial agonist for the alpha-4-beta-2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Tutka and Zatonski, 2006). It has been shown to be more effective than placebo and superior to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in achieving long-term abstinence in smokers (Cahill et al., 2012; Walker et al., 2014; West et al., 2011).