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Aquatic Plants Native to Europe
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Isa A. Lambrechts, Lydia Gibango, Antonios Chrysargyris, Nikolaos Tzortzakis, Namrita Lall
Cyperus rotundus L. is a perennial plant that grows in wet grasslands, wet or dry areas on mountain slopes, near streams, water and ditch margins, canals, and drainage channels. It has been reported as a cosmopolitan weed, affecting cultivation of rice, sugarcane, cotton, corn, and vegetables. The name of the genus comes from the ancient Greek name “Cypeiros” and the species name from the Latin word “round” referring to the plant’s tuber (Dhar et al. 2017).
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Cyperus rotundus, also known as purple nutsedge, or nutgrass, is a grass native to southern Asia, Africa, and southern Europe. It has been an important herb in Chinese and Ayurvedic Medicine. The various components of Cyperus rotundus are thought to have anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and nootropic effects. The dried root contains a variety of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, and sesquiterpenes. Many are novel and pharmacologically active.1 Among the specific phytochemicals that have been identified are: α-cyperone, α-rotunol, β-cyperone, β-pinene, β-rotunol, β-selinene, camphene, copaene, cyperene, cyperenone, cyperol, cyperolone, cyperotundone, copadiene, epoxyguaiene, cymene, isocyperol, isokobusone, kobusone, limonene, rotunduskone, myristic acid, oleanolic acid, oleanolic acid-3-oneohesperidoside, p-cymol, patchoulenone, rotundene, rotundenol, rotundone, selinatriene, sitosterol, sugeonol, and sugetriol. Some of the phytochemicals in Cyperus rotundus are found in other medical herbs. For example, α-cyperone, β-selinene, cyperene, sugeonol, isokobusone, and rotundone are phytochemicals that contribute the spicy aromas and flavor of black pepper.2
Chaihu Shugan San promotes gastric motility in rats with functional dyspepsia by regulating Drp-1-mediated ICC mitophagy
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Li Li, Qingling Jia, Xiangxiang Wang, Yujiao Wang, Chenheng Wu, Jun Cong, Jianghong Ling
CHSGS was provided by Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM. According to the proportion of the original formula, 16 g each of Bupleuri Radix (Curcuma phaeocaulis Val. [Gingeraceae], Chaihu) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Cirtus reticulata Blanco [Rutaceae], Chenpi), 12 g each of Paeoniae Radix Alba (Paeonia lactiflora Pall. [Ranunculaceae], Baishao), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. [Umbelliferae], Chuanxiong), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Citrus aurantium L. [Rutaceae], Zhishi), and Cyperi Rhizoma (Cyperus rotundus L. [Cyperaceae], Xiangfu), and 4 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. [Leguminous], Zhi Gan Cao) were weighed, soaked in distilled water for 30 min, boiled on high heat, and decocted on low heat for 30 min; the decoction was combined after 2 repetitions, and evaporated to 175 mL by heating in a water bath, stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C, and made into aqueous decoction concentrate with a raw drug concentration of 0.48 g/mL and re-decocted every 2 d.
α-Cyperone ameliorates depression in mammary gland hyperplasia and chronic unpredictable mild stress rat by regulating hormone, inflammation, and oxidative stress
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Nan Qiao, Qinnan Wang, Ye Tao, Jinna Wu, Yong Fang, Yusheng Ni, Xiaowen Ding
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), such as Li-Ru-Kang (LRK), Rosa rugosa (Thunb.), and Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus have unique curative effects in the treatment of HMG [10–12]. Its advantages, such as definite curative effect, low toxic and side effects, and low recurrence rate have been universally recognized by clinicians and patients [13]. As a common role in TCM, Cyperus rotundus L. has a variety of biological activities, including analgesia, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, and estrogen-like [14,15]. α-Cyperone is the main active ingredient of Cyperus rotundus L., possessing various pharmacological activities, such as neuroprotection, anti-oxidation, and anti-allergic [16–18]. For example, α-Cyperone attenuates the oxidative stress and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons induced by H2O2 by activating Nrf2 [17]. The latest research proves that α-Cyperone has the therapeutic potential to treat depression, and its function may be achieved by SIRT3/ROS-mediated inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome [18]. HMG patients often have anxiety and depression, and their psychological burden is heavy, which seriously affects the therapeutic effect. Thus, finding drugs to reduce depressive symptoms in patients may improve the effectiveness of HMG. Based on the antidepressant effects of α-Cyperone, we wanted to see if α-Cyperone could also relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in HMG.
Edible Tuber Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Extract Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration of Breast Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Munmi Majumder, Manoj Sharma, Siddhartha Maiti, Rupak Mukhopadhyay
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius is a widely distributed medicinally important plant and its tuber is consumed as a vegetable in India (9). There are reports on the traditional use of this plant as medicine (9). The plant demonstrate anti-inflammatory (20), hepatoprotective (21), anthelmintic (22), and analgesic (23) properties. To understand the mechanism of its anticancer activity, hydroethanolic extract of the tuber of this plant was prepared by cold extraction method to ensure maximum extraction of bioactive compounds (24). The extract induced near similar cytotoxicity to both MCF-7, an estrogen receptor-positive and MDA-MB-231, a triple-negative breast cancer cell line. This suggested that the APTE-mediated cell death might be an estrogen signaling-independent event. Our observation was comparable to cytotoxicity of a methanolic extract of the same plant part against MCF-7 cells (9). A different species, Amorphophallus campanulatus tuber was reported to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colon and hepatic cancer cell lines (25,26). Tuber from other plants, e.g., Cyperus rotundus also reported to be cytotoxic against murine lymphoblastic leukemia cells in a concentration range of 50–800 µg/ml (27). Ipomoea batatas L. Lam, Taiwanese purple-fleshed sweet potato was reported for its cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing activity against breast and gastric cancer cell lines in higher concentration range of 1–12 mg/ml (28). Juice of another common Indian vegetable, Momordica charantia also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells as shown by PARP cleavage and Caspase 3 and 7 activity (29).