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Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. is a perennial herb with a stout simple stem 1–2 meters high. The costus is endemic In India (where it is called kuth in Hindi) in the sub-alpine regions of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal, in altitudes of 2500–4000 meter. The major producers of cultivated Saussurea costus are India, China and Vietnam. The costus is a well-known medicinal plant used in the indigenous systems of medicine in India, Korea, Tibet, China, and Japan (2).
Saussurea costus (Kust) and Senna alexandrina (Senna)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Amita Dubey, Soni Gupta, Mushfa Khatoon, Anil Kumar Gupta
Among numerous species of genus Saussurea, S. costus is the most important species both commercially and medicinally. The medicinal significance of S. costus has been mentioned in Ayurvedic, Tibetan, and Chinese systems of medicine as the major ingredient in about 175 herbal formulations (Butola and Samant, 2010). Saussurea costus Lipschitz (Falc.), synonymous with Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke and Aucklandia costus Falc. is one of the most important species of genus Saussurea. S. costus also known as costus in English. There are other names in India viz. Kur (in Bengal), Kut (in Gujrat), Postkhai (in Kashmir), Kot (in Punjab), Kushta (in Sanskrit), Kostum (in Tamil), Kushta (in Maharashtra), and Kuth (in Hindi) (Kirtikar and Basu, 2001). S. costus is extensively used in indigenous systems of medicine to cure a variety of diseases and has emerged as an important medicinal plant in the international drug market (Fan et al., 2014). The plant is mainly the inhabitant of the subalpine zones of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttaranchal, and Himachal Pradesh of India, usually at an altitude of 3200–3800 m. Due to overexploitation of the plant for various medicinal and commercial purposes, it has been listed as a critically endangered species of medicinal plants in Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) of Wild Fauna and Flora (Pandey et al., 2007). The plant has also been listed among the Himalayan medicinal plants that are selected for ex situ and in situ conservation (Pandey et al., 2007; Kuniyal et al., 2005). S. costus has been listed among the 29 medicinal and aromatic plants whose export has been regulated by the Ministry of Commerce Government of India (Pandey et al., 2007). Dried roots of costus and its oil are the main products of costus which are traded in the herbal drug market (Zahara et al., 2014). India was the second largest exporter of costus after China from 1983 to 2009 with 266 tons of export. However, the largest importer of the plant was France. Drugs formulated using costus are often reported to be adulterated with Inula racemosa, a plant in the northwestern Himalayan region (Sastry et al., 2013; Sharma et al., 2017).
The nephroprotective potential of diosgenin against ischemia-reperfusion acute renal damage via suppression of oxidative stress and downregulating inflammatory mediators
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Prachi Mishra, Deepa Mandlik, S Arulmozhi, Kakasaheb Mahadik
Scientists Fujii and Matsukawa in 1935 have discovered DG from the plant Dioscorea Tokoro Makino belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae DG, a steroidal sapogenin (Figure 1) mainly present in fenugreek, yams and Costus species in high amounts. They are obtained from numerous plant species such as Smilax menispermoidea, Costus speciosus, Trigonella foenum and many other Dioscorea species [21,22]. DG is used as a major precursor bioactive molecule for the synthesis of steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry [23]. In this regard, primarily over the past 20 years, extensive animal and mechanistic experimentation have been done to know the benefits and importance of DG as a leading phytoconstituents in several disease conditions like antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anticancer, anti-proliferative, allergic diseases, skin aging, neurodegenerative and menopause [24–27]. Kanchan et al. (2016) have reported the renoprotective role of DG in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via restoration of antioxidant biomarkers in kidney tissue after the administration of DG [28]. Therefore, nutraceutical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries have attracted significant devotion toward DG.
Protective potential of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide extract against ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate urolithiasis
Published in Renal Failure, 2018
Shengbao Wang, Xiaoran Li, Junsheng Bao, Siyu Chen
Several pharmacological and clinical studies of traditional medicinal plants used to treat urolithiasis have publicized their therapeutic potential in various in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, plants provide an inexpensive source of medicine for the majority of the world's population. Such medicines present minimal or no side effects and are considered safe; in addition, studies have indicated that various herbal plants such as Flos carthami [5], Ipomoea eriocarpa [6], Costus spiralis [7], Cissampelos pareira [8] and Herniaria hirsute [9], have been successfully proven as prophylactic and curative medicines for urolithiasis. All these reports suggest that herbal medicines may be a useful strategy for preventing renal stones.
Green approach for synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Nigella arvensis leaf extract and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and catalytic activities
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Azam Chahardoli, Naser Karimi, Fatemeh Sadeghi, Ali Fattahi
The DPPH assay method by free radical scavenging ability of compounds is a quick and straightforward spectrophotometric method for evaluation of antioxidant effects. In this study, the DPPH scavenging activity of NA-GNPs and N. arvensis extract was measured at different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml (Figure 6). As seen in Figure 6, the DPPH scavenging activity of the extracts and NA-GNPs increased with increasing the concentrations. The extracts and NA-GNPs exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of 32% and 12% at the highest concentration (500 μg/ml), respectively. Our result was in agreement with the study of Nakkala et al. which showed that antioxidant activity of plants extract of Costus pictus and Piper longum was more than biosynthesized AuNPs [29,30]. Also, Kuppusamy et al. (2015) obtained similar results by using green synthesized AuNPs from Commelina nudiflora [31].