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Central Nervous System Depressants
Published in Darrell L. Ross, Gary M. Vilke, Guidelines for Investigating Officer-Involved Shootings, Arrest-Related Deaths, and Deaths in Custody, 2018
Michael A. Darracq, Stephen L. Thornton, Binh T. Ly
While many medications and drugs have sedating effects, it is beyond the scope of this chapter to present all classes of drugs that may have this undesirable adverse effect in their profile. However, a commonly prescribed and abused muscle relaxant, carisoprodol (Soma), deserves to be mentioned. Although its mechanism of action is not precisely known, carisoprodol has pronounced CNS sedating effects similar to benzodiazepines.
The Indispensable Soma Hypothesis in Aging
Published in Shamim I. Ahmad, Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon, 2017
More research is needed in order to confirm and corroborate some biological assumptions, although the soma-to-germline conflict argument which is central to this hypothesis seems to be well substantiated [63,76–80]. It is also possible that there are other mechanisms involved in addition to the germline versus soma argument, which I have not considered or discussed. Emergent research may contradict certain details, although it is unlikely that it will invalidate the general central tenet. This is because the hypothesis does not compete with any other major evolutionary hypotheses, theories of aging, principles of nature, or laws of physics. It fits well within nearly all existing and accepted knowledge systems. The hypothesis is likely to help explain emergent and new thinking regarding the interactions of humans with their technological environment, and it is merely an extension of current evolutionary mechanisms which must ensure adaptation and survival within a rapidly changing cognitive environment.
A Reconnaissance of Ethnic Psychedelic Plants of Western Himalaya and their Possible Identity to Soma
Published in T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, Ethnobotany of India, 2017
K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur
Spess (2000) had suggested that soma may be a species of Nymphaea or Nelumbium. Although these appear to have alkaloids as well as gluco- sides that may act of psychoactive compounds that cause the effects of the soma drink. Susruta Samhita characterizes some varieties of soma as floating water plants on lakes such as Manasa in Kashmir. This as well as the fact that soma is said to govern female water spirits suggest the possibility of these water plants as being soma. The flowers of some species of Nymphaea have been shown to induce ecstasy similar to that caused by 3,4-methylene- dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (popularly called “Ecstasy”). Some species of water lilies are known as soma in some tribal languages of this region. Rig vedic hymn IX 69.5. Characterizes Nymphaea as Amrita (=ambrosia). However, Shah (2015) states that it would be difficult to accept the water lilies as soma.
Potential Applications of Somatic Experiencing® in Applied Sport Psychology
Published in Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2023
According to Strean and Strozzi-Heckler (2009), the “soma” reflects the body in its wholeness, which is qualitatively different from the anatomical/physiological body and its interacting systems and organs. From a somatic perspective, the self is indistinguishable from the body and could be considered the domain in which individuals experience life, by means of relationships, moods and emotions, learning and performance, and imagining the future. These authors proposed a somatic approach to ASP, being sensitive to the stories that athletes’ somas tell. Thus, paying attention to how athletes carry themselves, their postures and movement has a therapeutic benefit. In this context, SE™ seems to offer sport psychology consultants a unique way to tap into the body-mind connection. Levine (1997, 2010) stressed the body’s innate wisdom to acknowledge and resolve stress and trauma through natural restorative systems, through the use of visceral sensations and pendulation. Ironically, athletes engage daily in deliberate attempts to control their body movements and inner sensations to achieve athletic success. When experiencing stress, however, these attempts may become counter-effective, and athletes need to let go and trust the body’s natural ability to restore balance.
The power of interdependence: Linking health systems, communities, and health professions educational programs to better meet the needs of patients and populations
Published in Medical Teacher, 2021
Richard N. Van Eck, Heidi L. Gullett, Sara M. Lamb, Helene J. Krouse, Lauren W. Mazzurco, Onelia G. Lage, Joy H. Lewis, Kimberly D. Lomis
The A.T. Still University’s School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) has a public service mission to ‘prepare individuals through high-quality, innovative, learning-centered undergraduate and graduate medical education programs to become compassionate osteopathic physicians and health care leaders who serve medically underserved populations with a focus on research and community-oriented primary care’. ATSU-SOMA exemplifies the importance of and value from intentional collaboration and coordination between health systems, communities, and educational programs. In collaboration with the National Association of Community Health Centers, ATSU-SOMA students spend the last 3 years of medical school training at community partner sites. This contextual training model embeds students within a health care system to engage in the social, economic, and medical needs of patients and communities while becoming part of the communities served by the health centers. Additionally, the ATSU-SOMA hometown scholars program allows potential applicants from partner health center communities to be sponsored in medical school. This forward-thinking program, focused on students underrepresented in medicine, helps communities develop their next generation of health care clinicians to be community-minded healers.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease - a proteomics perspective
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Morteza Abyadeh, Vivek Gupta, Nitin Chitranshi, Veer Gupta, Yunqi Wu, Danit Saks, Roshana Wander Wall, Matthew J. Fitzhenry, Devaraj Basavarajappa, Yuyi You, Ghasem H Salekdeh, Paul a Haynes, Stuart L Graham, Mehdi Mirzaei
The prevalence of AD has been suggested to be higher in women compared to the men [91], Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele is a risk factor for AD development and women carrying ApoE4 allele have been shown to exhibit higher risk of developing AD [87,92–94]. The molecular neuropathology of gender and associated genetic bias is poorly understood. Shi and colleagues (2014) performed a label-free quantitative proteomics analysis and analyzed the effects of ApoE genotype and gender on the synaptic proteome in human-ApoE transgenic mice brain. Their results indicated impairment of energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress in females carrying ApoE ε4 allele. These changes were more significant in synaptic termini than soma, which suggests that synaptic mitochondria might be more sensitive to effects of the disease pathology. Overall 44 mitochondrial proteins were detected, out of which 31 proteins were significantly altered in synaptic mitochondria [95].