China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Kavitha Krishnan, Julianne Werner
Copper deficiency can be treated with 2 mg of copper chloride two to three times a day.51 Since copper is excreted via the liver, people with hepatic dysfunction need to be cautious when taking copper to avoid toxicity.2
Radionuclide-based Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Sven-Erik Strand, Mohamed Altai, Joanna Strand, David Ulmert
Copper is an essential trace element and elevated levels of copper have been found in a wide range of tumour tissues, that is, PCa. Various transporters and binding proteins are found to be responsible for copper uptake in the cells. The human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1) is the main copper transporter into cells. 64Cu is described as a “theranostic” radioisotope, as it is potentially useful in PET/CT imaging and in radionuclide therapy. Copper in the form of copper chloride salt (64CuCl2) was proposed as a diagnostic agent to detect PCa using PET. Righi and colleagues and Piccardo and colleagues [13, 72] both used 64CuCl2 to detect PCa recurrence in 50 patients with biochemical relapse, after prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy. This represented a potential advantage over 18F-choline. One limitation of using 64CuCl2 stems from the low abundance of positron decay of 64Cu (18%). This accordingly means that the imaging time should be extended in order to achieve good image contrast.
Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Copper Complexes
Published in Robert A. Greenwald, CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
Our routine procedure is to add the solution of copper chloride to the ligand solution. The ligand solution is stirred rapidly with a Teflon®-coated stirring bar, and the copper chloride solution is dropped slowly into the vortex of the stirred ligand solution from a burette or separatory funnel. Rapid stirring appears to avoid entrapment of ligand solution in the precipitating product. Since the kinetic rate of complex formation is very fast, the reaction is complete soon after addition of the copper chloride. We continue to rapidly stir the resultant suspension for an additional 30 to 60 min/hr to enable shear forces to act upon the suspended particles and further reduce entrapment of the solution and its contents.
Adverse pulmonary effects after oral exposure to copper, manganese and mercury, alone and in mixtures, in a Spraque-Dawley rat model
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
M Draper, Mj Bester, M Van Rooy, Hm Oberholzer
Copper is used in industrial activities and the inhalation of it is associated with lung injury and pathology including fibrosis and epithelial apoptosis due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.45 A dose of 200 mg/kg Cu ions causes a significant decrease in lung weight, in male SD rats.46 A number of in vivo studies have demonstrated that copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are toxic to pulmonary tissue causing inflammation, which can lead to pulmonary fibrosis.47–50 There are few studies on the toxic effects of Cu ions on pulmonary tissue, especially following oral exposure. Boyadzhiev et al., (2021)51 investigated the toxic effects in murine pulmonary epithelium cells of Cu nanoparticle, microparticles and ions. At a concentration of 7 µg/mL copper chloride (CuCl2) at 48-hrs incubation, multiple cellular pathways were affected and included oxidative stress, DNA damage and detoxification responses as well as cell cycle processes. Death-related transcripts, including five associated with autophagy and three associated with necrosis were also activated.51 In a study by Camner et al., (1985)52 the effect of inhaled Cu, among other metals, on rabbit lung tissue was investigated. Only slight inflammation was seen in the lung tissues exposed to aerosol Cu at concentrations of 1.1 and 3.9 mg/m3 for 4–6 weeks and was associated with a significant increase in size of lung macrophages. No other weight or morphological changes were identified.52
The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with SP94 modified asymmetrical bilayer lipid-encapsulated Cu(DDC)2 nanoparticles facilitating Cu accumulation in the tumor
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Hao Liu, Yihan Kong, Xue Liang, Zixu Liu, Xueting Guo, Bing Yang, Tian Yin, Haibing He, Jingxin Gou, Yu Zhang, Xing Tang
Tianjin Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd. provided Copper chloride (CuCl2 · 2H2O). Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC-Na), Polyoxyethylene (5) nonylphenylether (Lgepal CO 520) and Bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate were offered by Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, UK. Cyclohexane was purchased from Tianjin Concord Technology Co. Ltd. N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N,-trimethylammonium methyl sulfate (DOTAP), Cholesterol and1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) were obtained from Shanghai Avanti Pharmaceutical company. 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate sodium salt (DOPA) was obtained from Shanghai Dongshang Medical Technology Co., Ltd. DSPE-PEG2000-SP94 was purchased from Shanghai Chutai Biotechnology Co. Ltd. MCF-7 and HepG2 cells were kindly offered by the Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. In addition, Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co, Ltd offered 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), penicillin/streptomycin, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), the fetal bovine serum (FBS). Shanghai Biyuntian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. provided Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit.
Zinc-induced hypocupremia and pancytopenia, from zinc supplementation to its toxicity, a case report
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Ahsan Wahab, Kamran Mushtaq, Aqsa Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan Khakwani, Adeel Masood, Jeremey Henderson, Faizan Malik
Increment in copper levels could be expected in 3–4 weeks following withdrawal of zinc and/or supplementation of copper [14]. Copper supplements when used can be given for a period of 1 to 6 months depending upon choice of empiric regimen (examples, regimen 1: Starting from 8 mg of oral copper daily for 1st week followed by 6 mg daily for a week followed by 4 mg daily for a week and then 2 mg daily afterward; regimen 2: Oral copper 2 mg 3 times a day; regimen 3: IV copper chloride 1–1.75 mg daily for 4–5 days followed by same dose once-weekly or every other week) and serial copper and zinc levels [12,15,16]. Zinc supplements could be restarted in future, preferably after correction of copper deficiency and when there is evidence of zinc deficiency. Serial copper and zinc levels should be performed to tailor therapy, i.e., stopping copper versus continuing it, holding zinc vs resuming zinc.