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Memory Loss/Forgetfulness
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
In other studies, older individuals with vascular diseases were given therapeutic doses of citicoline orally (e.g., 500-2,000 mg/day in two divided doses), by intramuscular injection, or by intravenous infusion. This resulted in improvements in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions.3,4,5,6
Citicoline treatment of amblyopia in elderly strabic children
Published in Jan-Tjeerd de Faber, 28th European Strabismological Association Meeting, 2020
Citicoline (Cytidine-5 diphosphocholine or CDP-choline) is a well known substance by the neurologists because it is commonly used to increase consciousness level in several brain disorders due to traumatic, vascular or degenerative causes. Citicoline has a dopaminergic action improving the availability of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and for this reason it is also used in Parkinson’s disease patients. (Manaka 1971) Many studies have demonstrated the usefulness of citicoline treatment in improving general vision ameliorating retinal and cortical responses in glaucoma patients. (Gottlob 1992,Parisi 1999)
Choline *
Published in Judy A. Driskell, Ira Wolinsky, Sports Nutrition, 2005
Patricia A. Deuster, Jamie A. Cooper
A number of clinical studies with choline supplementation have also been conducted because the breakdown of cellular membranes is characteristic of neuronal degeneration and choline is rate-limiting for phospholipid biosynthesis.24,77,84 The more recent human studies, which provide interesting results in the aged and diseased states, have used CDP-choline (citicoline) and Alpha-GPC as the delivery form of choline. Interestingly, citicoline has been approved in Europe and Japan for use in stroke, head trauma and other neurological disorders, and is being evaluated as a treatment for stroke in the United States.54 As would be expected, some, but not all, results are positive.29,54,84 In addition to its effect in stroke and ischemic brain injury, citicoline is being examined as a safe treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cognitive decline in the elderly, memory enhancement and glaucoma.29,54,84,85 Recent reviews29,54,84,85 present the multiple research efforts with citicoline. Although the results are mixed, the compound is of great interest because of the apparent limited toxicity and high bioavailability of citicoline.29,54 Clearly, more research is needed.
Choline Intake and Cognitive Function Among U.S. Older Adults
Published in Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2023
Ruopeng An, Danyi Li, Xiaoling Xiang
The null findings of this study could be due to the modest choline intake in the population. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, consuming citicoline (commonly used in dietary supplements) at 500 mg/d for 12 weeks improved memory outcomes.36 Choline intake among both the above-median and below-median groups in our study was below the IOM-recommended levels. A higher intake may be needed to achieve observable effects. However, other reasons may also lead to the null findings. While choline has been identified as a critical nutrient affecting neurological development and brain function during gestation and early childhood,37 its neuroprotective effect in adulthood remains inconclusive. In addition, there was a difference in diet quality index (HEI-2015) between groups with higher or lower choline intake, which can be a potential confounder to the findings since other nutrients (e.g., carotenoids, fiber, and omega-3-PUFAs) might have played a stronger neuroprotective role in cognitive functioning in the older. Moreover, little research investigates the influence of long-term choline intake on cognition across the lifespan. For example, does sufficient choline intake during young and middle adulthood prevent cognitive decline during older adulthood? Does the optimal choline intake vary by age during adulthood? Answers to those questions are beyond the scope of this study and warrant future investigation.
Understanding intrinsic survival and regenerative pathways through in vivo and in vitro studies: implications for optic nerve regeneration
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2021
For the in vivo studies, we selected three neuroprotectants; citicoline, TUDCA, and NT-4, and topical instillation was performed in the optic nerve crush rat model for examining effect of combined topical instillation of neuroprotectants in vivo [81]. Citicoline is an intermediate compound in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a predominant phospholipid of neuronal cells in the CNS [82,83]. Citicoline indirectly inhibits phospholipase A2 and reduces the degradation of cardiolipin which is a mitochondrial specific phospholipid of the inner membranes [82,83]. Thus, citicoline may be a mitochondria stabilizer. The neuroprotective effects of topical instillation of citicoline had been already demonstrated in glaucomatous human eyes [84,85] and is officially used in Europe as citicoline sodium salt consisting of 0.2 g of hyaluronic acid, 0.02 g of benzalkonium chloride, 0.001 g water for injection up to 10 ml, OMK1, Omikron Italia, Italy, 3 drops/day.
Pharmacological management of cerebral ischemia in the elderly
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Adithya Kannan, Mychael Delgardo, William Pennington-FitzGerald, Enoch X. Jiang, Brandon R. Christophe, E Sander Connolly
Citicoline (cytidine-5ʹ-diphosphocholine) is an exogenous form of a phospholipid intermediate that has shown promise in diverse preclinical models as a treatment for AIS. Citicoline has been shown to protect the brain following ischemic stroke through several mechanisms including plasma membrane degeneration prevention and mitochondrial energy metabolism preservation [77]. However, clinical trials are less conclusive about its benefits. The ICTUS trial compared the effects of citicoline to placebo in a sample of 2298 AIS patients and showed a neutral effect of citicoline treatment on global recovery [78]. A subsequent meta-analysis of citicoline treatments for AIS suggested citicoline had a significant effect on functional outcomes in the subgroup of patients not treated with tPA [79]. Furthermore, a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients in the ICTUS trial showed a significant effect of citicoline on recovery in patients above the age of 70 [78,80]. While citicoline treatment has not been conclusively associated with significant improvement over the current standard of care in the US, its impact on elderly patients or patients who cannot be administered tPA warrants further study.