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Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Sunkaru Touray, Emil Tigas, Nicholas A. Smyrnios
Beryllium is a naturally occurring element that is extracted from ores and processed into metal, oxides, alloys, and composite materials used in the aerospace, automotive, and mining industries.38 Berylliosis manifests as two clinical syndromes at opposite ends of a disease spectrum. Beryllium sensitization occurs in acutely exposed individuals, while chronic beryllium disease is an inflammatory lung disease affecting individuals who are chronically exposed to beryllium.
Occupational respiratory diseases
Published in Louis-Philippe Boulet, Applied Respiratory Pathophysiology, 2017
Louis-Philippe Boulet, Marc Desmeules
When a patient is suspected to have chronic beryllium disease (CBD), the following are major criteria for such diagnosis: A history of any beryllium exposureA positive blood or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) [19]
Occupation-related ILD
Published in Muhunthan Thillai, David R Moller, Keith C Meyer, Clinical Handbook of Interstitial Lung Disease, 2017
Traci Adams, Annyce S Mayer, Craig Glazer, Lisa A Maier
Chronic beryllium disease: A diagnosis of CBD requires both evidence for beryllium sensitization and granulomatous lung disease on biopsy. The characteristic pathologic lesion in both CBD and sarcoidosis is the non-caseating granuloma, which consists of an aggregate of epithelioid histiocytes surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells (27). The clinician must rely on the occupational history and results of the BeLPT to distinguish these conditions (1,27).
Ellagic acid attenuates beryllium sulphate-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations of spleen in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yuandi Lei, Tianyi Jiang, Liqin He, Yanping Liu, Zhanbing Sun, Weihua Deng, Lian Huang, Zhaohui Zhang
Beryllium (Be) and its compounds are highly desirable due to its excellent properties such as enhancing metal-hardening capacity, high electrical and thermal conductivity, high melting and boiling points (Kreiss et al. 2007). They are widely used in the industrial fields, including aircraft, space shuttle brakes, satellite mirrors, electrical circuits, computer components, nuclear weapons, home appliances, etc. Unfortunately, Be is highly toxic. It has been demonstrated that the LD50 value of beryllium nitrate is 3.16 mg/kg (Mathur et al. 1985). Exposure to Be and its compounds could induce a wide range of diseases such as acute chemical pneumonia (Cummings et al. 2009), chronic beryllium disease (Ribeiro et al. 2011), even lung cancer (Levy et al. 2009). Be exposure occurs primarily through the inhalation of Be particulates that induces oxidative stress and leads to various pathological consequences (Sawyer et al. 2005). Thus, inhibition of oxidative stress may be an approach in the prevention of beryllium-related diseases.
Bronchoalveolar lavage: role in the evaluation of pulmonary interstitial disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Stanca-Patricia Hogea, Emanuela Tudorache, Camelia Pescaru, Monica Marc, Cristian Oancea
People exposed to environmental factors at work and with genetic predisposition can develop specific ILD. To this category of diseases belong pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, coal workers’, hard metal lung disease, chronic beryllium disease and less frequently, fibrotic changes due to exposure to iron, silver, barium and rare earth metals [1,7]. The existing data in the literature show that the diagnostic accuracy of BAL in occupational lung diseases is low [7]. Even if the silica particles or asbestos fibers can be detected in the BAL fluid, their differentiation from the dust-induced pneumoconiosis is difficult and cannot be achieved only by this method alone. BAL may have a diagnostic role in chronic beryllium disease. Highlighting a lymphocytic alveolitis and beryllium-sensitized lymphocytes in BAL may support the diagnosis of berylliosis, even if peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to beryllium is absent [1,7,87].
HLA transgenic mice: application in reproducing idiosyncratic drug toxicity
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2020
Takeshi Susukida, Shigeki Aoki, Tomohiro Shirayanagi, Yushiro Yamada, Saki Kuwahara, Kousei Ito
Chronic beryllium disease-mediated ear swelling was observed by introducing BeSO4 to the right ear of HLA-DP2 (DPB1*17:01) transgenic mice (Tarantino-Hutchison et al. 2009). Using BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 transgenic mice, IFN-γ/IL-2+CD4+ T cells were expanded in the lung leading to inflammation (Mack et al. 2014). The authors further reported that B cells recruited to the lungs played a protective role against chronic beryllium disease in BeO-inhaled HLA-DP2 transgenic mice, independent of the HLA-DP2 restricted CD4+ T cell responses (Atif et al. 2019). In a single dose, BeO failed to sensitize HLA-DP2 transgenic mice; however, the same mouse model was rapidly sensitized using both BeSO4 and Be(OH)2 (Wade et al. 2018). Taken together, BeSO4 can be assumed as an exogenous antigen to induce disease phenotype.