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Nickel Metal and Alloys
Published in Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach, Nickel and the Skin, 2019
G. Norman Flint, C. Peter Cutler
Iron-base alloys containing more than about 10.5% chromium are termed stainless steels and derive their good resistance to corrosion from the presence of a surface film of chromium oxide (Cr2O3). There is a wide range of stainless-steel compositions (grades) and a correspondingly wide variation in resistance to corrosion. Alloying elements considered beneficial to resistance to corrosion are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and nitrogen, while those detrimental to corrosion performance are sulphur, phosphorus, and carbon if present as carbide. Copper is beneficial in acid environments but is thought to be detrimental to resistance to chlorides. Compositions of some commonly used stainless steels in increasing order of resistance to corrosion are given in Table 9.3.
Repair mechanism of Wuwei Fuzheng Yijing formula in di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced sperm DNA fragmentation in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Chenming Zhang, Shiqi Wang, Zulong Wang, Qi Zhang, Rubing Chen, Hao Zhang, Zhong Hua, Sicheng Ma
Chinese medicine has been reported to improve sperm vitality, density and morphology (Jiang et al. 2017; Zhou SH et al. 2019). However, few experimental studies have focussed on Chinese herbal formulas that can improve sperm DFI. The Shengjing capsule, which consists of 19 herbs, has been proven to repair chromium oxide-induced oxidative damage to the testes, protect sperm DNA and reduce DFI (Zhou S et al. 2016). Two of the 19 herbs, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (Leguminosae) and Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae) are also included in our WFY formula, suggesting that both improve sperm DFI. Our results revealed that WFY could reduce DEHP-induced sperm DFI in a dose-dependent manner.
Strategic advancements and multimodal applications of biofilm therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
In formulation studies, the aqueous medium consists of polymers like polyethylene glycol and polypropylene forming coat and is conditioned onto the solid surface of the cells cultivated externally [16]. The cellular surface shows chemical changes that affect the rate and extent of bacterial attachment. Alkali or strong acid is used to convert the cell surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic nature. Once the cell is exposed to air and water, chromium oxide layer is formed on its surface causing strong bacterial adhesion and produces the substratum effect.
Mechanical properties and performances of contemporary drug-eluting stent: focus on the metallic backbone
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Ply Chichareon, Yuki Katagiri, Taku Asano, Kuniaki Takahashi, Norihiro Kogame, Rodrigo Modolo, Erhan Tenekecioglu, Chun-Chin Chang, Mariusz Tomaniak, Neville Kukreja, Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Jan J. Piek, Patrick W. Serruys, Yoshinobu Onuma
The introduction of platinum chromium alloys has overcome this problem. By adding platinum to 316L stainless steel, the platinum chromium alloys had higher strength and radiopacity than platinum-iridium. High tensile properties allow the alloys to achieve thinner struts without compromising the mechanical strength. Moreover, the platinum chromium is biocompatible and its chromium oxide contents give the excellent resistance to corrosion [40].