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Marine Chondroitin Sulfate and Its Potential Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
One of the bioactive compounds, i.e. marine chondroitin sulfate, has attracted the attention of scientists from various backgrounds to study individually or collaboratively. Chondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring biomolecule that can be found widely in almost all invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans, and the many biological processes that involve it (Volpi, 2009). Chondroitin sulfate is a supplement that can help delay the course of osteoarthritis while also reducing inflammation and discomfort. Joint function improves as a result of this. Chondroitin sulfate is frequently combined with glucosamine. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in various areas, growing awareness towards joint health, development of innovative chondroitin sulfate combination products, etc., has a favorable influence on the growth of the global chondroitin sulfate market. Religious and cultural barriers to chondroitin sulfate usage, particularly in Middle Eastern nations, are some of the reasons restricting the worldwide chondroitin sulfate market’s growth (Transparency Market Research, 2017), especially chondroitin obtained from non-halal raw materials. Therefore, chondroitin sulfate processed from marine resources which can be classified as halal according to Islam will not be disputed by any religions.
Applications of Marine Biochemical Pathways to Develop Bioactive and Functional Products
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Toni-Ann Benjamin, Imran Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
GlcN and chondroitin sulfate are commonly used to treat pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. Chondroitin sulfate exhibits antiarthritic activity and has been shown to reduce joint pain as well as enhance joint mobility. Biolane is a GAG-metalloprotease product and is utilized for normal tissue remodeling (Mutalipassi et al., 2021).
Osteoarthritis
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
David Musnick, Richard D. Batson
Other than mild gastrointestinal distress, the incidence of adverse effects with chondroitin sulfate is extremely low. Chondroitin is typically extracted from bovine trachea and concern has been expressed about the potential risk of contamination by animals infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or “mad cow disease”). There are currently no documented cases of such contamination and risk of transmission is thought to be low. Low molecular weight CS is made from shellfish sources. Vegetarian patients should be informed of the bovine or shellfish origin of chondroitin products.
Pharmacotherapeutic considerations and options for the management of osteoarthritis in women
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Sunny Trivedi, William Fang, Ishan Ayyalasomayajula, C. Thomas Vangsness
Symptomatic slow-acting drugs for OA or SYSADOAs have better safety profiles compared to aforementioned pharmaceuticals [117,118] and are typically chondroprotective substances that are designed to provide symptomatic relief by targeting the causes of OA [119]. These SYSADOAs include compounds such as cartilaginous matrix precursors (hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and glucosamine), and cytokine modulators (diacerein). The cartilaginous matrix precursors are compounds that contain repeating disaccharides and other nutritional supplements [117] designed to delay, stabilize, and treat the destructive changes in the joint, limiting the progression of OA. However, many of these compounds have faced healthy skepticism from the medical community, questioning their effectiveness. Several SYSADOAs compounds including glucosamine and diacerein have shown significant improvement in symptomatic relief in patient’s knee OA when compared to placebo in a meta analysis [119]. A randomized double blind control trial, demonstrated that chondroitin sulfate plus glucosamine hydrochloride had comparable efficacy to celecoxib [120]. Another randomized trial showed that glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate’s effects were only substantial in the subgroup of patients with moderate to severe pain, but did not significantly reduce pain overall [121]. Conversely, there is also published concern about the efficacy of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine, with studies showing there to be no effect over placebo in a randomized clinical trial [122].
Glucosamine for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: The Time Has Come for Higher-Dose Trials
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2019
Mark F. McCarty, James H. O'Keefe, James J. DiNicolantonio
Intriguingly, in a recent double-blind cross-over clinical study, in which the participants received 1,500 mg glucosamine + 1,200 mg chondroitin sulfate or matching placebo daily for 28 days, CRP was found to be 23% lower (p = .048) after active supplementation than after placebo (Navarro et al., 2015). As is well known, elevated CRP is predictive of risk for cardiovascular events, albeit it does not appear to mediate this increased risk (Ridker, 2016). If glucosamine/chondroitin supplementation addresses the metabolic factors that both elevate CRP and increase cardiovascular risk, this might help explain the association of this strategy with decreased mortality observed epidemiologically. Could glucosamine alone, perhaps at double the usual dose, replicate the impact of glucosamine/chondroitin observed in this study? Does chondroitin sulfate exert an effect similar to that of glucosamine, and does the popularity of supplements combining these two agents reflect the fact that the dose employed of glucosamine is suboptimal?
Bridging pharmacotherapy and minimally invasive surgery in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Athanasios E. Dellis, Athanasios G. Papatsoris
At present, the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment options include PPS orally administered and intravesical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). On the contrary, according to the EAU Guidelines there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of DMSO [5], while in Europe there are several formulations of chondroitin sulfate (CS) available commercially for IC/BPS intravesical therapy [11]. The main drawback of oral therapies is that only 1–3% of the drug reaches the bladder [12] and in case of intravesical therapies, there is a need for intermittent catheterizations (CISC) which might be painful and bear the risk of UTI, although they establish high concentrations with few systemic side effects [13]. Especially regarding CISC, since the use of 100 U of BTX to treat IC/BPS, only a very low percentage (up to 2%) of patients either suffer from urine retention or need CISC [14].