Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Antihistamines, Decongestants, and Expectorants during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Treatment with the well-studied drugs during pregnancy is the reasonable approach to treatment of the common cold, occurring in between 10–20 percent of gravidas. Chlorpheniramine compounds may be used as first-line use in pregnant women because they are better studied. The histamine H-receptor antagonists astemizole (Hismanal), cetirizine, loratadine, and terfenadine (Seldane) used the first trimester in pregnant women (Table 11.3) were not associated with significant increased frequencies of birth defects.
Chlorpheniramine
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Chlorpheniramine is a synthetic alkylamine derivative and a competitive histamine H1 receptor antagonist, and displays anticholinergic and mild sedative effects as well. It is indicated for the treatment of rhinitis, urticaria, allergy, common cold, asthma and hay fever. It has also been used in veterinary applications. In pharmaceutical products, chlorpheniramine is employed as chlorpheniramine maleate (CAS number 113-92-8, EC number 204-037-5, molecular formula C20H23ClN2O4) (1).
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Correlations of Antihistamines
Published in Hartmut Derendorf, Günther Hochhaus, Handbook of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation, 2019
Eric Snoeck, Achiel Van Peer, Jos Heykants
Chlorpheniramine was investigated in 11 children with severe perennial allergic rhinitis56 and in 8 healthy elderly female subjects57 after a single oral dose of 0.12 mg/kg. In children, the symptom and sign scores were significantly suppressed from 1 to 30 h after intake. During that time period the serum concentration decreased from 21.1 to 2.3 ng/ml. The greatest wheal and flare diameter was significantly inhibited from 6 to 24 h after intake, during which period the serum concentration fell from 10.0 to 4.1 ng/ml. Furthermore, the serum chlorpheniramine concentrations at each observation time were inversely correlated with the symptom and sign scores (r = 0.75). In elderly female subjects, peak serum concentrations were reached within 3 h after intake, whereas the histamine-induced wheal was maximally suppressed by 36 to 37% after 5 to 6 h. The flare inhibition was maximal (43 to 46%) at 2 to 6 h after intake. A significant inhibition of the wheal and flare area started in the first hour and lasted 10 to 12 h.
An international Delphi study on the burden of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria and the role of bilastine among current treatment options
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
MK Church, GW Canonica, P Kuna, M Maurer, R Mösges, Z Novak, NG Papadopoulos, P Rodriguez del Rio
The fact that some, albeit few experts were undecided on this statement may reflect that most clinicians, who manage allergic rhinitis and urticaria, do not assess sleep stages in their patients and therefore cannot be certain that impairing effects of first-generation antihistamines are due to specific effects on sleep. On the other hand, there is still a widespread belief that sleep is aided by adding a sedating first-generation H1-antihistamine, as hydroxyzine, at night, although this is not supported by available data [47]. Moreover, with a terminal half-life of 20–25 h [48], hydroxyzine has hangover effects into the next day, with a negative impact on overall performance [47]. Similarly, the first-generation antihistamine chlorpheniramine has shown to cause a significant worsening of next day cognitive functioning and psychomotor performance, whereas a single nocturnal dose of fexofenadine has advantages over chlorpheniramine, demonstrating to be free of disruption of nighttime sleep and detrimental effects on cognitive performance the next day [49]. Further information on the effects of antihistamines on sleep and sensory-motor performance may be a good target for further analysis.
Gustatory rhinitis in multiple system atrophy
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2021
Kaoru Yamakawa, Kenji Kondo, Akihiko Unaki, Hideto Saigusa, Kyohei Horikiri, Tatsuya Yamasoba
A 56-year-old man was referred to our department with a chief complaint of bilateral copious nasal discharge while eating. His symptoms first appeared 3 years ago. The watery nasal secretion was so excessive that he lost his appetite. Endoscopic and CT examinations in the previous clinic revealed a left nasal polyp at the uncinate process and mild opacity in bilateral maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. He therefore underwent left nasal polypectomy, but his symptom did not improve. Oral administration of antihistamines, including d-chlorpheniramine maleate and azelastine hydrochloride, failed to improve his condition. A fixed-dose combination of fexofenadine hydrochloride/pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, which was prescribed for sympathetic stimulation, was temporarily effective. However, the symptom recurred within a month.
A systematic review of evidence based treatments for lichen simplex chronicus
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Michelle C. Juarez, Shawn G. Kwatra
Sanjana et al carried out a double-blind RCT to evaluate the efficacy of Chlorpheniramine and Imipramine in 24 patients with LSC (20). In this study, patients were divided into three groups and randomly allocated to receive placebo, 4 mg starting dose of chlorpheniramine, or 25 mg starting dose of imipramine in increasing doses weekly. Treatment with chlorpheniramine and imipramine resulted in a significant decrease in pruritus severity between baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment, though a greater decrease was seen in the imipramine treated group. Based on these findings, the authors concluded that imipramine was superior to the other medications in treating pruritus in patients with LSC and may be considered in patients with recalcitrant pruritus who do not respond to conventional therapies.