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Psychotropic Use during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Chloral hydrate is an effective hypnotic and sedative agent. There is a paucity of information regarding the safety of chloral hydrate use during pregnancy. However, among 71 infants born to women who used chloral hydrate during the first trimester, the frequency of congenital anomalies was not increased (Heinonen et al., 1977). No gross external defects were observed in pregnant mice with chloral hydrate in doses less than one to five times the human dose (Kallman et al., 1984).
Chloral Hydrate
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Chloral hydrate is a synthetic monohydrate of chloral with sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsive properties. Formerly it was used as a hypnotic and sedative in the treatment of insomnia, but is was effective for short time use only. It is no longer considered useful as an anti-anxiety medication. This agent has also been used as a routine sedative preoperatively to decrease anxiety and cause sedation and/or sleep with respiration depression or cough reflex. Chloral hydrate is probably not used anymore (1). Formerly, chloral hydrate was also used topically as a counter-Irritant (rubefacient) for the relief of itching and pain (2).
The Treatment of the Special Forms of Mental Disease
Published in Francis X. Dercum, Rest, Suggestion, 2019
Chloral is a poison depressant to the heart and vasomotor apparatus. Dyspnea, vertigo, and general sense of weakness are among the symptoms likely to be present. In well-established cases there are marked nervousness, marked insomnia, and a certain degree of mental weakness, as manifested by loss of will-power and failure of memory. In some cases an emotional depression is present which may simulate melancholia. The patient is weak, his movements are tremulous, and he frequently complains of palpitation of the heart. These symptoms must be combated by food, by rest and by other physiologic measures, and by tonics, such as digitalis, strophanthus, and strychnin. When the habit has been long continued and the doses large, the patient occasionally suffers from attacks of delirium closely resembling delirium tremens. Chloral, it should be added, has been so largely displaced by other hypnotics that chloralism is at present a very infrequent condition.
Control strategy for intraspinal microstimulation based on central pattern generator
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Xiongjie Lou, Yan Wu, Song Lu, Xiaoyan Shen
The purpose of this experiment was to obtain the angle sequence of the right hindlimb knee joint of SCI rats under the stimulation of positive and negative PA sequences. Five Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing approximately 250 g, were used as experimental subjects and numbered 1–5. Chloral hydrate (10%) was intraperitoneally injected into the rats. After anaesthesia administration and preoperative skin preparation, the skin surface of the rats was disinfected with 75% alcohol, and the epidermis was cut off. The segment lamina of the T12 − T13 vertebrae was removed to expose the spinal cord, and the T9 segment of the spinal cord was hammered at a height of 6.25 mm using a 10 g hammer with a diameter of 2.5 mm. The ankle, knee, and hip joints of the rats' right hindlimbs were marked.
Activation of the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway after blast induced traumatic brain injury in mice
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
Yuan Zhou, Mi Tian, Han-Dong Wang, Chao-Chao Gao, Lin Zhu, Yi-Xing Lin, Jiang Fang, Ke Ding
The bTBI model referred to a modified blast shock tube model that has been described in our previous article [15]. First, 1% chloral hydrate was given by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection into mice at a dose of 5 ml/kg for anesthesia. Then, the mice were moved to an animal holder with shielding of the head, neck and torso. Next, the holder was placed into the driven tube of the blast model. The driver chamber pressure was increased with compressed air, eventually leading to rupture of the polytetrafluoroethylene (JVS; Shenzhen, China) film, and a shock wave that rushed the mice. Atmospheric temperature, pressure and humidity were consistent during each test. Pressures and durations of all procedures were recorded by the software.
Dexamethasone reduces serum level of IL-17 in Bleomycin-A5-induced rats model of pulmonary fibrosis
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Aihua Wang, Fengqiang Wang, Yingqiu Yin, Min Zhang, Ping Chen
After models preparation, samples were collected on the 1st, 14th 28th day. 10, 15, and 15 rats in control group, the model group and the DEX group were sacrificed every time, respectively. Leave the rats fasting 24 h before collection of serum samples while water is unforbidden. One hour after the last medication, intraperitoneally inject the rats with 10% chloral hydrate (4.5 ml/kg). Fix them supine onto the boards after anesthesia, expose the inferior vena cava to get the blood samples with injectors. Use the centrifuge to separate serum from the samples and store in the fridge at −80 °C. Get the right lungs, fix them with 10% formalin dissolution, routine paraffin embedding, make sections and make HE and Masson staining.