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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 65-year-old man developed an extremely pruritic and diffusely spreading allergic contact dermatitis from crotamiton (tested 1% pet.), the NSAID felbinac and the excipient diisopropanolamine in a compress (3). A 60-year-old woman presented with pruritic erythematous macules on the neck and in the left cubital fossa, where she had previously applied an anti-itch ointment. A patch test with the ointment was positive at D2 and D3 with a flare-up of the previous symptoms. When tested later with all ingredients, the patient reacted positively to crotamiton 5% pet. and cetyl alcohol (30% pet.) (4).
Emollient Esters and Oils
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
John Carson, Kevin F. Gallagher
As with fatty acids, one must be careful of the exact chemical makeup of a particular ester when comparing physical properties, because the raw materials are not necessarily pure. The classic example is that of triple-pressed stearic acid which actually contains about 55% palmitic acid and about 45% stearic acid. The chemical composition of the fatty alcohols can vary just as markedly. Typically, stearyl alcohol will contain 65% stearyl alcohol and 35% cetyl alcohol. Esters made from this fatty alcohol will have the same distribution. This means that the resulting ester will be a mixture. Mixtures will generally have properties intermediate between the components. However, occasionally the mixtures will have "eutectic points" where the melting point of the mixture is much lower than that predicted arithmetically.
Glycerine in Creams, Lotions, and Hair Care Products
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
Given that the cetyl alcohol is present for viscosity and sheen, in a sense the lanolin can be considered to be the only optional ingredient, in an otherwise very basic, and I am sure effective, formulation.
Bortezomib-loaded lipidic-nano drug delivery systems; formulation, therapeutic efficacy, and pharmacokinetics
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Mohammad Mahmoudian, Hadi Valizadeh, Raimar Löbenberg, Parvin Zakeri-Milani
The lipid matrix of these NPs is biocompatible and degradable, which is solid at room temperature and at body temperature. Various types of lipids are used to fabricate SLNs including (Manjunath et al. 2005, Doktorovova et al.2017):Triglycerides; glyceryl tristearate (Tristearin), glyceryl tripalmitate (Tripalmitin), glyceryl trilaurate (Trilaurin), glyceryl trimirystate (Trimyristin), etc.Waxes; cetyl palmitate, beeswax, etc.Partial glycerides; glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl palmitostearate, etc.Fatty alcohols; cetyl Alcohol, stearyl alcohol, etc.Fatty acids; palmitic acid, stearic acid, stearic acid, etc.
Novel risperidone orally disintegrating minitablets for pediatric use: patient acceptance and dose adjustment
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
George Bebawy, Magda Sokar, Ossama Y. Abdallaha
Risperidone was kindly provided by Pharaonia Pharmaceutical Co., Alexandria, Egypt. Cetyl alcohol (CA), Talc powder and ammonium bicarbonate were obtained from Al Nasr pharmaceutical chemicals Co., Alexandria, Egypt. Hydrogenated castor oil (HCO), Croscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol), Crospovidone, Poly vinyl pyrollidone (PVP k30), Sucralose and Camphor were purchased from Pharaonia pharmaceutical Co., Alexandria, Egypt. Quinine HCl; BP grade, was obtained from BDH Chemical Ltd., England. Mannitol DC, was a courtesy of Pharco Co., Alexandria, Egypt. Lactose DC was obtained from Evonic Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, India. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Analar grade, was purchased from Cornell® labs, Cairo, Egypt. All other materials were of analytical grade. Methanol and Acetonitrile, HPLC grades, Fisher Scientific UK Ltd., Leics, UK. Two Commercial Risperidone liquid dosage forms (1 mg/ml each) where used for comparison.
Influence of omega fatty acids on skin permeation of a coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion cream formulation: characterization, in silico and ex vivo determination
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Kylie Ang She Tou, Khurram Rehman, Wan Maznah Wan Ishak, Mohd Hanif Zulfakar
Rheological behavior for all the formulations was evaluated and the apparent viscosity (Pa.s) and shear stress (Pa) of nanoemulsion creams formulations were measured as a function of shear rate (1/s). The nanoemulsion creams exhibited pseudoplastic behavior in which shear stress vs shear rate curve convert toward the shear stress axis (Figure 2(D)). EQ showed the highest viscosity, followed by LQ and OQ. The pseudoplastic behavior of nanoemulsion creams suggests that the formulations are smooth in texture and easy to rub on the skin surface. Cetyl alcohol and glyceryl monostearate are thickening agents and might have modified the rheological properties of nanoemulsion creams. All the formulations displayed resistance to flow at low shear rates, and when the yield values are exceeded, the nanoemulsion creams begin to thin down (shear thinning) at high shear conditions, displaying non-Newtonian behavior [30].