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Ceftizoxime, Cefdinir, Cefditoren, Cefpodoxime, Ceftibuten, Cefsulodin, and Cefpiramide
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Mesut Yilmaz, David L. Paterson
Cefdinir may be used for treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only), and Moraxella catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase-producing strains) (Bradley et al., 2011). However, according to the IDSA guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, cefdinir is no longer recommended as monotherapy for initial empiric treatment (Chow, 2012).
Non-clinical studies indicating lack of interactions between iron/calcium ions and linzagolix, an orally available GnRH antagonist
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Kaoru Kobayashi, Motohiro Tezuka, Yasuyuki Toyoda, Takao Kurooka, Emiko Oota, Yasuaki Tamai, Yoshikazu Abe, Sumiyoshi Kiguchi, Takuro Endo
For the cefdinir concentration determination, the filtrate (10 μL) was mixed with 20 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate/acetonitrile (9:1, v/v, 190 μL). The concentration of cefdinir was measured using a Hitachi L-7000 series HPLC system. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Luna C8 (2) column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm particle size, Phenomenex Inc.). The mobile phase consisted of 90% solvent A (20 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and 10% solvent B (acetonitrile) delivered isocratically at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the total run time was 10 min. The detection wavelength was UV 287 nm. The concentrations represented those of cefdinir, and the absolute calibration curve for cefdinir ranged from 6 to 300 ng/mL. The assay method was validated for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision.
Guidelines for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition: a systematic review of the evidence for antimicrobial therapy
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018
Phoebe C. M. Williams, James A. Berkley
The potential value of oral third-generation cephalosporins (cefdinir) in uncomplicated SAM has been documented above [39]. In view of the favourable susceptibility data (median 84, IQR 80–94%) identified by the above 2013 systematic review (Table 4), parenteral ceftriaxone should in future be a focus of clinical trials for children with complicated SAM. Ceftriaxone has a broad spectrum of activity, is effective in short courses, is logistically simple in its daily dose administration (which may be intramuscular) and has a wide therapeutic index which increases its safety and efficacy [28].
Experimental and investigational drugs for the treatment of acute otitis media
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Nicola Principi, Susanna Esposito
Administration of systemic antibiotics effective against the most common bacterial causes of AOM is the typical treatment for this disease. Amoxicillin, at the usual (50 mg/kg/day) or increased dosage (80–90 mg/kg/day) according to the sensitivity of Sp in the geographic area where AOM occurs, remains the drug of choice. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone are recommended in children at-risk, in those with previous treatment failure or who have experienced a recent AOM treated with amoxicillin, although apparently healed [7]. However, several reasons suggest judicious antibiotic use in patients with AOM. Up to 80% of AOM cases spontaneously resolve [8], and antibiotics given according to the recommended dosage do not reach bactericidal concentrations in 10%-15% of patients [9], and the use of antibiotics is frequently followed by non-marginal adverse events [10]. Finally, microbial selection and the emergence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics increases with more extensive use of these drugs [11]. All these factors explain why antibiotics are presently recommended only for selected AOM cases. The most recent version of the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AOM [7] indicates that treatment is mandatory in all children <2 years with the exception of those with unilateral mild AOM and in those ≥ 2 years with otorrhea or severe symptoms (severe otalgia or otalgia for 48 hours or longer or temperature 39°C or higher). In all the other cases, if parents agree, watchful waiting is preferred, with close follow-up and prescription of antibiotics only when the child worsens or does not improve within 48–72 hours of symptom onset. In general, compliance with these recommendations has led to a significant reduction in antibiotic consumption without medical problems. Unfortunately, compliance is frequently poor, and systemic antibiotics are prescribed more commonly than recommended [12–14].