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Otitis Media
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Acute otitis media is a type of ear infection in the middle ear space behind the eardrum, or tympanic membrane. Pain is the major symptom of acute otitis media. It primarily occurs in children 6-36 months old, but adults can also be affected. About three out of four children have at least one episode of otitis media by the time they are three years old. Otitis media, whether acute, with effusion, chronic suppurative, or adhesive, is the most common cause of earaches.” Earaches can be debilitating, but do not always warrant antibiotics. Otitis media with fluid (effusion) does not respond to antibiotics.1 When antibiotics are prescribed, high-dose amoxicillin is most often recommended, but antibiotics do not decrease ear pain.2
Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media With Effusion in Adults
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
The term otitis media describes inflammation of the middle ear space. ‘Acute’ otitis media indicates a time frame of inflammation resolution within 12 weeks. Clearly, timely diagnosis is required to manage such conditions, and thus in practice the term acute otitis media (AOM) is used to describe an acute infection of the middle ear space. Clinical differentiation of AOM from an initial presentation of otitis media with effusion (OME) is important, as overtreatment of OME with antibiotics in primary or secondary care is common.
The Active Middle Ear Implant Vibrant Soundbridge: Outcomes on Safety, Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Subjective Benefit 1996–2017
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Michael Urban, Francesca Scandurra, Anna Truntschnig, Severin Fürhapter, Geoffrey Ball
In cases of MHL the Soundbridge uses the natural remnant structures of the middle ear to pass the acoustic information to the inner ear: the FMT is coupled either directly to the round window or to the remnant stapes structures. This has become particularly effective in patients with chronic otitis media. These patients typically undergo several surgical revisions to improve hearing, however, the inflammatory response of the middle ear leads to a SNHL over time. Ear surgeries often entail a change in the shape and the condition of the skin of the outer ear canal (cutaneous lesions, keloid formation), resulting in hearing aids not always being applicable. Patients whose bone conduction hearing thresholds (tabulated in Table 4.3) lie within the region highlighted in Figure 4.9 usually exhibit excellent results from Vibroplasty treatment. Eligibility criteria for patients with either a conductive or a MHL are as follows: (1) Patients, aged 5 years or older. (2) Absence of active middle ear infections. (3) An ear anatomy that allows the FMT to be positioned on a suitable vibratory structure. (4) Ability to get benefit from amplification. (5) Adequate motivation and expectations. The VSB poses an alternative for improving the hearing and communication skills of such patients.
Management of influenza – updated Swedish guidelines for antiviral treatment
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Johan Westin, Emmi Andersson, Malin Bengnér, Anna Berggren, Mia Brytting, Erica Ginström Ernstad, Anna C. Nilsson, Martina Wahllöf, Gabriel Westman, Maria Furberg
Influenza is common among the youngest children but in most cases as a mild and spontaneously resolving infection. In a global perspective, influenza accounts for 3–7% of all lower respiratory tract infections and for 4% of deaths from lower respiratory tract infection in children under five years of age [30–32]. Primarily, infants and children with known risk factors may require hospital care. Nine to fourteen percent of those hospitalized require intensive care, and in the group of hospitalized children overall, up to a third is affected by pneumonia. Neurological symptoms such as febrile seizures and encephalopathy/encephalitis are also relatively common and seen in up to 10% of children requiring hospital care [4,33–36]. About 20–50% of all children under the age of six years develop otitis media.
Features of Turner syndrome in patients managed at the adult endocrinology clinic, Steve Biko Academic Hospital
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2023
Otological disease is part of the widely variable phenotype in Turner syndrome patients. It varies from external morphologic abnormalities to recurrent middle ear infections as well as sensorineural or conductive hearing loss. Hearing loss is a common feature of Turner syndrome with a prevalence ranging from 36% to 84%. The auditory phenotype in Turner syndrome is complex and seems to be dynamic, with conductive hearing loss due to middle ear disease at an early age and sensorineural hearing loss later in life. Importantly, the presence of the mid-frequency dip is prognostic for the development of further progression of sensorineural hearing loss. In our population, hearing loss was detected in only three patients (17.6%), much lower than the prevalence described in the literature. Two patients had chronic otitis media, complicated by hearing loss.
The advantages of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials induced by bone-conducted vibration in patients with otitis media
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Ying Cheng, Qing Zhang, Yuzhong Zhang, Zichen Chen, Weijun Ma, Min Xu
Clinical characteristics and parameters of a typical case with otitis media. (A) Endoscopic images showing evidence of otitis media (perforation of the tympanic membrane) in the left ear but not the right. Audiography revealed conductive deafness in the left ear, compared with the right ear. Left temporal bone computed tomography indicated granulation of the mastoid process, tympanic chamber, and tympanic sinus. (B) ACV-VEMPs could not be induced, while BCV-VEMPs were induced in both ears. The waveform was typical, and the repeatability was good. TM: tympanic membrane; PTA Left: average hearing threshold in the left ear; PTA Right: average hearing threshold in the right ear; ACS Left: air-conducted sound stimulation of the left ear; BCV Left: bone-conducted vibration stimulation of the left ear; BCV Right: bone-conducted vibration stimulation of the right ear.