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Plant-Based Essential Oils in The Treatment of Microbial Infections
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Hercília Maria Lins Rolim, Alessandra Braga Ribeiro, Monalisa de Alencar Lucena, Andressa Barros Ibiapina, Thais Cruz Ramalho
As can be seen, β-caryophyllene is a chemical compound present in essential oils of various plant species and numerous studies have reported its potent antimicrobial activity against different species of microorganisms, as this compound is capable of interfering in the metabolism of microbial cells (Sharma et al. 2016). In the study by Yoo and Jwa (2018), it was observed that β-caryophyllene penetrates very well into exopolysaccharide (EPS) of S. mutans biofilm, resulting in decreased microbial growth. These results demonstrate that this compound has a great potential to become a strong ally against infectious microorganisms important for human health.
Aegle marmelos (Bael) and Annona squamosa (Sugar Apple)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Abhidha Kohli, Taufeeq Ahmad, Sachidanand Singh
A chemical derivative 18-acetoxy-ent-kaur-16-ene from A. squamosa exhibits significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity (Chavan et al., 2011). Caryophyllene oxide in the methanolic extract of the bark of A. squamosa exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at comparable levels with the standard anti-inflammatory drug Pentazocine and analgesic drug aspirin (Singh et al., 2014c; Chavan et al., 2011). Phytochemical analysis of alcoholic extracts of A. squamosa revealed they have anti-inflammatory components such as sterols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins, thus can be useful for therapy against inflammation (Hemalatha and Satyanarayana, 2009). When Wistar mice and rats were subjected to ethanolic extract of A. squamosa leaves, the results showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity comparable to Pentozocine and Aceclofenac (Singh et al., 2012).
Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In 1997, 71 deodorants (22 vapo-sprays, 22 aerosol sprays and 27 roll-on products) were collected in Denmark, England, France, Germany and Sweden and analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the presence of fragrances and other materials. Caryophyllene / α-caryophyllene was present in 32 (45%) of the products (9).
GC/MS analysis and potential synergistic effect of mandarin and marjoram oils on Helicobacter pylori
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Rawah H. Elkousy, Nada M. Mostafa, Ahmed M. Abd-alkhalek, Mahmoud A. El Hassab, Sara T. Al-Rashood, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Omayma A. Eldahshan
β-Caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene, which is extracted from clove and tested for the eradication of H. pylori in a mouse model, and its effects on the inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Interestingly, β-caryophyllene showed potent antimicrobial activity against H. pylori by direct killing action. In addition, it improved the inflammation of the gastric mucosa by decreasing H. pylori number53. The use of compounds with natural origin has gained popularity in scientific research focussed on drug innovation against H. pylori because of their broad flexibility and low toxicity. For example, monoterpenes limonene and β-pinene resulted in MICs against H. pylori of 75 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL respectively54.
GC-MS Profiling and Antineoplastic Activity of Pelargonium Inquinans Ait Leaves on Acute Leukaemia Cell Lines U937 and Jurkat
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Ogochukwu Izuegbuna, Gloria A. Otunola, Graeme Bradley
GC-MS analysis carried out on the essential oils of Pelargonium inquinans showed that it contains many medically important compounds. Some of these compounds have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. They include caryophyllene, a member of the bicycle sesquiterpene, commonly found in Piper nigrum, Cannabis sativa and Rosmarinus officinalis25, which was the highest component in Pelargonium inquinans. Caryophyllene is known to have antineoplastic25, anti-inflammatory26, and antioxidant27 properties. Alpha-terpineol, volatile monoterpenoid alcohol, also observed in the essential oil of Pelargonium inquinans has been found to exhibit antineoplastic activity against some cancers28. Beta-Sitosterol, a phytosterol is known to have antineoplastic properties29. We hypothesize that caryophyllene and some other compounds may directly be involved in the antineoplastic activities observed in this study.
Lippia graveolens HBK oleoresins, extracted by supercritical fluids, showed bactericidal activity against multidrug resistance Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz, Nallely S. Badillo-Larios, Antonio De León-Rodríguez, Eduardo Espitia-Rangel, Raúl González-García, Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martinez, Arnulfo Castro-Gallardo, Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
In addition to thymol and carvacrol, L. graveolens oleoresins collected in different areas, also share the presence of compounds, such as linalool, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene (humulene), caryophyllene oxide, and humulene epoxide (Table 5). It has been demonstrated that eucalyptol showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various diseases, including respiratory, pancreatitis, colon damage, and neurodegenerative diseases [57]. The synergic of eucalyptol and terpinen-4-ol, have shown to have a stronger antimicrobial effect [58]. Terpineol has been an excellent bactericidal against S. aureus strains [6,10,59]. Humulene, a natural monocycle terpene, was able to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation and induced HCC apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo [60]. β-caryophyllene, a major plant volatile found in essential oils of many different spices and food plants, such as oregano, is a phytocannabionoid with a strong affinity to cannabinoid receptor type-2. The action of β-caryophyllene oxide could be partly based on its ability to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential and to activate the initiator of caspases, but other mechanisms could be involved [61]. β-caryophyllene, humulene, and β-caryophyllene oxide presented anti-cancer properties [61,62].