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Chemosensory Influences on Eating and Drinking, and Their Cognitive Mediation
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
The chemical senses extend beyond taste and smell. Irritation (mild pain) is also chemospecific (Dessirier, Simons, Iodi Carstens, O’Mahony, and Carstens 2000). Irritative agents in foods and drinks that are liked at particular levels range from carbonation to ginger, pepper, and chilli. The theory is that each substance has a peak-preferred level for each person in each familiar fizzy drink or spicy food. Color is a key part of flavor as ordinarily experienced and can be regarded as the photochemical sense: the retinal pigments differ in amino acid sequence at their photon-sensitive sites. Consumers’ choices cluster around the intensity of hue given to a manufactured product (Conner, Pickering, Birkett, and Booth 1994).
Deaths Due to Asphyxiant Gases
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
As mentioned earlier, CO2 has the ability to displace oxygen from incendiary environment so it can be efficiently used as a fire extinguisher.3 It is also used in hydrocracking and hydrotreating petroleum products and as a coolant. In food processing industry, it is used in refrigeration, carbonation of beverages and as a preservative.6
Effervescent Granulation
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Effervescent dosage forms also enhance patient compliance. They are easier to administer, particularly helpful to patients, like children, who are not able to swallow capsules or tablets. A pleasant taste, because of carbonation, helps to mask the bad taste of certain drugs. This could also help to avoid the gastric side effect of certain drugs [4]. They are easy to use and appeal to consumers for color and fizzy appearance more than traditional dosage forms. For example, a study shows that patient compliance has increased when the chloroquine phosphate was administered as an effervescent tablet because of the faster response onset than uncoated tablets [5]. Effervescent drugs also have other advantages over conventional pharmaceutical forms. They substitute liquid forms when the active ingredient has a little stability in the water as they are administered only by prior dissolving of the tablet in water. Active ingredients that are not stable in liquid form are most of the time more stable in effervescent form.
Effect of Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the extent of the ablation zone in early stages of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a large cohort study of 772 patients
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Limei Lai, Zhenhua Liu, Jingwen Zhang, Xiaofeng Ni, Juan Liu, Ting Luo, Yijie Dong, Jianqiao Zhou
The present study had some limitations. First, this was a single-center, prospective study. Second, the maximum diameter and volume of the ablation zone were smaller in the ‘HT + PTMC’ group than that in the ‘PTMC’ group; however, our follow-up time was insufficient to determine if the smaller ablation zone increased the recurrence rate of HT + PTMC. Third, we did not collect information on the volume of the treatment lobe, which may be affected by diffuse diseases, such as HT. Patients with HT often have smaller thyroid glands; therefore, nodules near the thyroid capsule are more likely to be present. In these nodules, the ablation zone may be smaller for purely geometric reasons. Our results should be confirmed by more multicenter and prospective studies with larger sample size. In addition, a relatively high ablation power, i.e., 65 W, was used in this study. Considering that different ablation powers may lead to differences in the degree of carbonation, which can lead to differences in ablation volume, future studies on the effectiveness of high-power ablation and low-power ablation in the treatment of PTMC can be conducted.
The effect of time of day and chronotype on the relationships between mood state and performance in a Wingate test
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Participants were nonsmokers and kinesiology majors involved in fitness activities, but none was a competitive athlete. After being admitted into the study, participants received instructions regarding their behavior before each testing sessions. They were not permitted to perform strenuous or prolonged exercise the day before testing. They were told not to go to bed later than usual. On testing days, participants were not allowed to exercise prior to arrival at the laboratory, nor to drink beverages containing alcohol, caffeine, or carbonation prior to tests, and to eat only lightly, if at all, during the 3 h before testing. We did not have the participants complete a diet diary, but we did require that they follow these guidelines. They were not allowed to use any medications that would interfere with or enhance performance (e.g., methylphenidate for attention deficit disorder). We tested them only if they verified upon arrival at the laboratory that they were healthy, well rested, and had adhered to these instructions.
Subsea tunnel reinforced sprayed concrete subjected to deterioration harbours distinct microbial communities
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Sabina Karačić, Britt-Marie Wilén, Carolina Suarez, Per Hagelia, Frank Persson
In the marine environment, biodeterioration of concrete structures is a widespread problem, for instance of pipelines and off-shore infrastructure in the oil and gas industry (Noeiaghaei et al. 2017). In seawater, biodeterioration is complex and occurs in conjugation with abiotic processes including carbonation, chlorine ingress and sulphate attack. These processes increase concrete permeability, which reduces the concrete strength and facilitates cracking. Increased concrete porosity can furthermore result in deep corrosion of the concrete reinforcement (Torres-Luque et al. 2014). Unlike in sewers systems, where the general microbial mechanisms for deterioration are thoroughly investigated (Noeiaghaei et al. 2017), little is known about the biological interactions leading to biodeterioration of concrete infrastructure in the marine environment.