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Alcohol and mental health
Published in David B Cooper, Practice in Mental Health—Substance Use, 2018
There may be reasons for you to be concerned about the individual’s physical health and decide that clinical investigations are needed. These may include: taking a blood sample to measure markers that could indicate excessive/dependent alcohol useusing a breathalyser to measure blood alcohol concentration; this can measure tolerance, which increases when more alcohol is needed to gain the same effectarranging a medical examination to identify physical problems associated with alcohol use.
Special issues for effective treatment of homeless drug users
Published in Rosie Winyard, Andrew McBride, Substance Misuse in Primary Care, 2018
Alcohol is an important factor in the addiction picture for many homeless patients. It is a fact of life in the homeless environment, with many homeless people having primary alcohol problems. Even if the patient is not using alcohol at the time of assessment, it is extremely common, if not the norm, for alcohol use to creep in as substitute prescribing is instituted and street drug usage decreases. This may be ‘straightforward’ cross-addiction or may represent the patient needing another psychotropic substance to address an underlying and emerging mental health problem. This is borne out by data from the NTORS study.8 Alcohol use adds to the risk of opiate substitute prescribing and is strongly to be avoided in chronic hepatitis C infection. It needs to be carefully managed and the use of an alcohol breathalyser can be an excellent tool to monitor alcohol intake both during negotiation regarding prescriptions and for managing community alcohol detoxification.
Clinical pharmacology (and toxicology and therapeutics)
Published in Shibley Rahman, Avinash Sharma, A Complete MRCP(UK) Parts 1 and 2 Written Examination Revision Guide, 2018
Shibley Rahman, Avinash Sharma
Zero-order kinetics describes metabolism which is independent of the concentration of the reactant. This is due to metabolic pathways becoming saturated, resulting in a constant amount of drug being eliminated per unit time. This explains why people may fail a breathalyser test in the morning if they have been drinking the night before.
The Interplay of Sexual Arousal and Power-Related Emotions in Men’s Alcohol-Involved Sexual Aggression Intentions
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Kelly Cue Davis, Elizabeth C. Neilson, Mitchell Kirwan, Elizabeth R. Bird, Nolan Eldridge, William H. George, Cynthia A. Stappenbeck
Prior to their appointment, participants were given the same pre-experimental instructions as in Study 1. Upon their arrival, participants were greeted by a trained, male research assistant, who also verified their identification, age, and that they had followed the aforementioned guidelines. Next, participants were breathalyzed using a handheld, Alco-Sensor IV breathalyzer (Intoximeters, Inc.), to confirm that their breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) was 0.00 at the beginning of the experimental procedures. Participants were then consented and weighed to determine how much alcohol they would need to consume during alcohol administration. Afterward, participants were left alone in a private room to complete a battery of background measures on a computer, including assessments of power-related sex motives and sexual aggression history. Participants were separated into three groups based on their responses assessing their sexual aggression history (none/low, moderate, and high sexual aggression history) and block randomized to receive either the cognitive restructuring intervention, the mindfulness intervention, or the control condition. After completing the intervention and skills practice, participants completed a beverage administration procedure similar to Study 1, except that the target peak BrAC was .08% (.816 ml ethanol per pound of body weight). After reaching a BrAC criterion of .05%, participants read the sexual aggression scenario and completed dependent measures, then were detoxed, paid, and released.
Emergency department admissions Kumasi, Ghana: Prevalence of alcohol and substance use, and associated trauma
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2020
Paa Kobina Forson, George Oduro, Joseph Bonney, Sonia Cobbold, Joycelyn Sarfo-Frimpong, Carol Boyd, Ronald Maio
The substances we tested for were based on previous clinical experiences in the KATH ED and expert knowledge from a colleague psychiatrist. The most common substances were benzodiazepines, cocaine, opiates, amphetamines, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and alcohol. Illicit substance use was determined via saliva strips with Micro-Distribution STATSWAB six panel oral fluid devices. The illicit substances on the drug panel were marijuana (tetrahydrocannabinol, THC), benzodiazepines, opiates, oxycodone, cocaine and methamphetamines. We tested for presence of alcohol with a SureScreen Alcometer Breathalyzer (Derby, England) or an ALCO-Screen saliva alcohol test strip (Indiana, USA); the ALCO-Screen saliva alcohol test strips were used for patients who were not able to blow through the breathalyzer.
Drinking context and cause of injury: Emergency department studies from 22 countries
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2018
Rachael A. Korcha, Cheryl J. Cherpitel, Jason Bond, Yu Ye, Maristela Monteiro, Patricia Chou, Guilherme Borges, Won Kim Cook, Marcia Bassier-Paltoo, Wei Hao
Table 1 shows alcohol policies and practices that fall into three of the seven domains of best practices identified by Babor and colleagues (Babor et al., 2010); drink-driving measures, limitations on alcohol availability and altering the drinking context. Sites such as the United States, Canada, Mexico and China reported differing policies either due to the length of time between the different studies in the same locality, or to regional variations in alcohol policies within the same country. Each policy was evaluated for the level of restrictiveness, and summed in the last column. Restrictiveness of drink-driving policy was determined by blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) levels at or below 0.05 percent concentration, random breathalyzer testing at roadside stops, restrictions on location of alcohol consumption, and moderate to high sanctions for intoxicated driving. Limitations on alcohol availability were identified if restrictions on off-premise alcohol sales were highly enforced, drinking establishment closing hours occurred at or before midnight, and the legal drinking age was at or above 18 years of age. Monitoring of drinking contexts was considered restrictive if at least moderate enforcement of sanctions for selling alcohol to minors in licensed establishments were enforced. Countries/locales were dichotomized by restrictive alcohol policies such that countries with three or fewer restrictive policies were classified as ‘less restrictive’ while countries with four or more restrictive policies were indicated as ‘more restrictive’.