Bordetella bronchiseptica

Order Caudovirales

Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022

Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier

The phage BPP1, a member of the Bordetella virus BPP1 species, infects Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria that cause whooping cough. The electron cryomicroscopy structure of the T = 7l procapsid with ~67 nm diameter revealed folds and localization of the two major structural proteins: cement protein and major capsid protein, the termini of which are ideally positioned for the diversity generating retroelement (DGR)-based phage-display engineering (Zhang X et al. 2013). The DGR is a natural instrument to alter tail-fiber protein of the BPP1 phage and provokes synthesis of self-made phage libraries (SMPLs) by introducing DNA mutations into the gene encoding the major tropism determinant (Mtd) protein on the tail fibers. The first attempt to involve the phage BPP1 into the VLP-based technologies identified four sites amenable to the insertion of <19-aa heterologous peptides within the variable region of the Mtd protein and resulted in heterologous SMPLs employed for selections targeting anti-FLAG antibody, immobilized metal affinity chromatography microtiter plates, and HIV-1 gp41 (Overstreet et al. 2012). Further experiments were directed to engineering of Mtd variants with high affinity to a model protein, namely T4 lysozyme (Yuan et al. 2013).

Ciprofloxacin

Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017

Jason Kwong, M. Lindsay Grayson

Intravenous ciprofloxacin may be effective against Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in patients with AIDS, although failures have also been reported (Chauncey and Schaberg, 1990; Amador et al., 1991; Ng et al., 1992; de la Fuente et al., 1994). Ciprofloxacin was also effective in one case of pneumonia due to Elizabethkingia meningosepticum in a neonate with renal failure (Humphreys et al., 1989). In a prospective observational cohort of bacteremic community-acquired Acinetobacter pneumonia, oral ciprofloxacin was effective as monotherapy for continuation of treatment after initial clinical stability had been achieved with initial empiric therapy consisting of meropenem or gentamicin (Davis et al., 2014). Of 36 cases, mortality was 11% at 28 and 90 days, despite > 80% of patients having severe sepsis and requiring ICU admission.

Published in Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder, Handbook Of Media for Clinical Microbiology, 2006

Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder

Use: For the detection and isolation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis from clinical specimens. The medium is rendered selective by the addition of methicillin. Bordetella pertussis appears as small (<1mm), smooth, pearl-like colonies surrounded by a narrow zone of hemolysis. Bordetella parapertussis appears as brown, nonshiny colonies with a green-black coloration on the reverse side. Bordetella bronchiseptica appears as brown, non-shiny, moderately sized colonies with a roughly pitted surface.

Flagellum and toxin phase variation impacts intestinal colonization and disease development in a mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection

Published in Gut Microbes, 2022

Dominika Trzilova, Mercedes A. H. Warren, Nicole C. Gadda, Caitlin L. Williams, Rita Tamayo

In many pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, host selective pressures can substantially affect the composition of a phase-variable bacterial population during infection.4–11 All three of these pathogens can form distinct subpopulations differentially equipped for survival in disparate environments. However, determining the importance of phase variation (rather than the phase-variable trait) in pathogenesis can be challenging. Studies in which phase variation has been eliminated to create “phase-locked” mutants have been valuable for determining the impact of phase variation itself. In B. bronchiseptica, phase-locked Bvg+ and Bvg- strains were created by either deleting bvgS encoding the sensor kinase in the BvgAS system (Bvg- phase) or mutating BvgS to be constitutively active (Bvg+ phase).4 Phase-locked strains have also been created by mutating site-specific recombinases that mediate inversion of one or multiple loci, e.g., Mpi modulating polysaccharide production in Bacteroides fragilis.12 Finally, in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), mutation of inverted repeats critical for site-specific recombination generated populations unable to phase vary the production of fimbriae.13,14 These studies led to improved understanding of host–microbe interactions and the importance of phase variation in fitness of bacterial pathogens in diverse host environments.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of chronic noninfectious respiratory diseases

Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021

Angelica Tiotiu, Herberto Chong Neto, Andras Bikov, Krzysztof Kowal, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Marina Labor, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda, Hector Badellino, Alexander Emelyanov, Rocio Garcia, Guillermo Guidos

Only one study to date explored the impact of bronchiectasis on susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity. The rate of bronchiectasis in a case–control study in South Korea was 1.6% in the COVID-19 cohort compared to 1.4% in the matched cohort (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.45). The patients with COVID-19 and bronchiectasis were significantly older and had more frequent comorbidities such as asthma, COPD, hypertension, diabetes and heart failure than those without bronchiectasis. The proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 was significantly higher in people with bronchiectasis compared to those without bronchiectasis (30.3% vs 13.1%, p < 0.001). COVID-19 patients with bronchiectasis required significantly more frequently oxygen supplementation (29.6% vs 12.3%, p < 0.001) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1.5% vs 0.3%, p = 0.012), and had significantly higher mortality (8.3% vs 2.8%, p < 0.001) than those without bronchiectasis [96]. The case reports published are in the same line reporting i) concomitant severe infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a patient with known non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis [97], ii) severe hemoptysis causing by COVID-19 in a patient with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis [98] and iii) ARDS caused by COVID-19 in a patient with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome with bronchiectasis [99]. This data suggests that patients with bronchiectasis may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 and poor outcomes.

Optimization of Ag₂O nanostructures with strontium for biological and therapeutic potential

Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018

Farwa Ahmad Kiani, Umair Shamraiz, Amin Badshah, Saira Tabassum, Misbah Ambreen, Jahangir Ali Patujo

The bactericidal efficiency of the NPs was examined following the protocols mentioned previously against three Gram-negative strains (Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC # 4617, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC # 14028 and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC # 13048). In the nutrient broth, these negative strains were cultured followed by the incubation at 37 °C for 24 h. The turbidity was adjusted to 104 CFU/mL by using deionized water and then comparing it with the standard turbidity of McFarland 0.5 BaSO4. Petri plates having nutrient agar (20 mL) were then washed down by the 100 µL of refreshed inocculum. Afterwards, sterile filter paper discs (6 mm) infused with the test samples (5 µL of 20 mg/mL DMSO; 100 µg/disc) were positioned on the seeded nutrient agar plate. The media supplemented with Cefixime-USP (20 µg/disc) and DMSO-impregnated discs were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. Clear inhibition growth zones were deliberated after incubation of 24 h [16].