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Allopathic Medicines
Published in Varma H. Rambaran, Nalini K. Singh, Alternative Medicines for Diabetes Management, 2023
Varma H. Rambaran, Nalini K. Singh
Finally, aside from their applications in DM therapy, in recent years scientists have started exploring alternative applications for the use of biguanides. Interestingly, great promise has been reported in their use as anticancer agents and this has encouraged further investigations in this area (Pollak 2013).
Diabetes
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
This is an oral anti-diabetic (biguanides) drug which decreases gluconeogenesis and increases peripheral utilisation of glucose. There must be some residual functioning of the pancreatic islet cells present in order for it to be effective. Although at present Metformin does not have UK marketing authorisation for pregnant and breastfeeding women, based on a number of studies NICE1 has advised it may be used in the preconception period or during pregnancy, where appropriate.
Diabetes mellitus
Published in Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Handbook of Obstetric Medicine, 2020
The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline on the management of diabetes in pregnancy states that metformin (a biguanide) can be used in pregnancy as an adjunct or alternative to insulin.
Comparative efficacy and safety profile of once-weekly Semaglutide versus once-daily Sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Tirath Patel, Fnu Nageeta, Rohab Sohail, Tooba Shaukat Butt, Shyamala Ganesan, Fnu Madhurita, Muhammad Ahmed, Mahrukh Zafar, Wirda Zafar, Mohammad Uzair Zaman, Giustino Varrassi, Mahima Khatri, Satesh Kumar
This meta-analysis comprised a total of 2401 participants, with 800 (33.3%) subjects assigned to the Semaglutide 0.5 mg group, 801 (33.4%) to the Semaglutide 1 mg group, and 800 (33.3%) to the Sitagliptin 100 mg group. The gender distribution of the participants showed that 1199 (49.9%) were male and 1096 (45.6%) were female. The average age of the participants was 55.4 ± 10.4 years. The mean HbA1C was 8.1 ± 0.9%, and the mean duration of diabetes was 7 ± 5.2 years. Most of the participants were overweight, with an average BMI of 28.6 ± 4. Prior to enrollment in the respective trials, 1690 out of 2401 (70.4%) participants were taking biguanides, while others were on medications such as sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. A detailed summary of the baseline characteristics of the participants can be found in Tables 1 and 2.
Metabolic and Metabolomic Effects of Metformin in Murine Model of Pulmonary Adenoma Formation
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Andrew C. Elton, Vannesa Cedarstrom, Arman Quraishi, Beverly Wuertz, Kevin Murray, Todd W. Markowski, Donna Seabloom, Frank G. Ondrey
There has been significant interest in the use of type II diabetes agents in aerodigestive carcinoma prevention. There have been minimally five human clinical trials using either thiazolidinediones or biguanides alone or in combination (NCT00099021, NCT02917629, NCT00780234, NCT00951379, NCT05237960). These have not been definitive studies to go through a Phase III clinical trial; however, there are new federally funded projects with metformin or metformin and pioglitazone starting in 2023 for oral cancer prevention. In the present study, we sought to examine various chemoprevention diets on the effect of metformin on lung adenoma prevention. We are seeking additional insight into potential effects, including the metabolomic effects of both metformin and the diet, in aerodigestive chemoprevention. These may inform dosing, scheduling, and duration of treatment, and how diet may impact the chemopreventative effects of biguanides. Therefore, we tested the effect of metformin on both reduction of lung adenomas and potential metabolomic effects of this intervention. We also sought to examine whether different diets affected the adenoma reduction.
Personalized approach for type 2 diabetes pharmacotherapy: where are we and where do we need to be?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, Ralph A. DeFronzo
The biguanide reduces hepatic glucose production (HGP), specifically inhibiting gluconeogenesis, and lowers the fasting plasma glucose concentration. Metformin does not enhance insulin sensitivity in muscle and does not improve insulin secretion [70]. Metformin enters cells via the organic cation transporter and the OCT is not present in skeletal or cardiac muscle [71]. Metformin does not reduce liver fat content in T2DM patients [72] and there is no evidence (either positive or negative) that metformin affects CV complications. Attention should be paid in patients with reduced renal function because of the risk of lactic acidosis. The FDA has decreased the eGFR limit of metformin use down to 30 ml/min.1.73 m2. Attention should be paid to anemia and vitamin B12 levels in the elderly population.