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Respiratory Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Ian Pavord, Nayia Petousi, Nick Talbot
Berylliosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by beryllium. All forms of berylliosis are rare. Acute berylliosis follows intense exposure. Chronic berylliosis is associated with granulomatous lesions, similar in appearance and distribution to those of sarcoidosis (but ocular lesions do not occur).
Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Beryllium may produce a hypersensitivity reaction similar to sarcoidosis (see also p. 19.65). This may be acute but it does not give rise to uveo-parotid fever. Chronic berylliosis may cause lung fibrosis and hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
Inhalation Toxicity of Metal Particles and Vapors
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Insoluble beryllium compounds, particularly low-fired oxide (approximately 500°C), appeared to be most often involved in the causation of this condition. There was no dose-response relationship evident between extent of exposure and severity of disease. Workers from the cleanest plants and family members of workers sometimes contracted the most severe clinical forms (DeNardi et al., 1949; Eisenbud et al., 1949; Sterner and Eisenbud, 1951; Hardy and Tepper, 1959; Lieben and Metzner, 1959). The onset of berylliosis was extremely variable, sometimes only a slight cough and fatigue which occurred as early as 1 year or as late as 25 years after exposure.
Mortality among workers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1943–2017
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
John D. Boice, Sarah S. Cohen, Michael T. Mumma, Ashley P. Golden, Sara C. Howard, David J. Girardi, Elizabeth Dupree Ellis, Michael B. Bellamy, Lawrence T. Dauer, Caleigh Samuels, Keith F. Eckerman, Richard W. Leggett
An extended mortality follow-up of over 26,000 workers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory failed to reveal significant associations between radiation dose and cancers of the lung, liver and NHL, sites that would have received the highest doses from intakes of plutonium, nor excesses due to leukemia or ischemic heart disease. A plutonium-related excess of bone cancer was plausible among workers with the highest intakes, but the numbers were small. An association between esophageal cancer and radiation is noted, and the association with Parkinson’s disease is provocative given a recent investigation of workers at the Mayak facility in Russia. Beryllium exposure among early workers in the 1940s could be tied to a small number of deaths from berylliosis. The population of Hispanic workers could be evaluated separately but numbers were too small to evaluate any unique patterns of death following radiation exposure. Analyses focusing on plutonium dose were generally inconclusive, although the association with bone cancer was plausible. The LANL cohort study is notable in having nearly complete follow-up for up to 75 years, comprehensive external and internal organ dose determination, the inclusion of women, and relatively large numbers.
Response to letter regarding “Talc and mesothelioma: mineral fiber analysis of 65 cases with clinicopathological correlation”
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2020
Victor L. Roggli, John M. Carney, Thomas A. Sporn, Elizabeth N. Pavlisko
Tran et al. imply that we used only EDXA to identify talc and distinguish it from anthophyllite, whereas our Materials and Methods section clearly states that identification of talc was made by a combination of morphologic features and energy dispersive spectra as previously described.1 They note that we classified fibers with a 2:3 Mg:Si ratio as talc which may have been Mg depleted chrysotile. Many years ago we identified for the first time beryllium in a case of berylliosis by means of analytical scanning electron microscopy.3 To accomplish that study, we maximized the sensitivity of our energy dispersive spectrometer for detection of lighter elements: hence our Mg:Si ratio in talc will be increased relative to other similar devices. As noted above, we used a combination of structural morphology and elemental composition to identify talc, and would not confuse chrysotile with its own particular morphologic features with talc.
Dusting off the numbers of in situ particle analysis: a 35-year experience
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2019
John M. Carney, Elizabeth N. Pavlisko, Thomas A. Sporn, Victor L. Roggli
It should be noted that berylliosis is the most recent pneumoconiosis to be confirmed by ISPA.12 Most inorganic particulates causing lung disease are more dense than tissue (Figures 2, 4, and 7) and therefore appear dark with negative BEI. However, beryllium is lighter than tissue and therefore appears as bright points with negative BEI. We have identified beryllium using EDS and a thin window detector in a single case of berylliosis. Unfortunately, we have not been able to duplicate these results in subsequent cases. We suspect this is due to the very fine nature of the beryllium dust and its solubility in tissues. More research is needed in this area.