China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Effects of Food Processing, Storage, and Cooking on Nutrients in Plant-Based Foods
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
CAP is a system that continuously preserves the desired atmospheric composition in the packaging environment or storage containers (Vaclavik & Christian, 2014). CAP maintains the atmospheric composition constant by injecting the desired gas mixture at prescribed intervals dictated by the respiration rate of the fruit or vegetable commodity or by introducing oxygen scavenging agents into the packaging material. The former technique is compatible with large storage vessels (i.e., commercial shipping containers), whereas the latter can be applied to smaller packages.
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Marine algae or seaweeds are a good nutritional source for iodine (250, 253, 263, 268–272). Seaweeds have the unique ability to concentrate iodine from the ocean, with certain types of brown seaweed accumulating over 30,000 times the iodine concentration of seawater (272). The genus Laminaria of brown algae is the strongest accumulator of iodine currently known and is a major emitter of both molecular iodine (I2) and iodinated organics (CH3I and CH2I2) into the atmosphere (268). These compounds (I2, CH3I and CH2I2) are thus considered a major carrier of gas phase iodine from the ocean to atmosphere, which in turn supplies iodine in precipitation to marine and terrestrial environments (271). The emission of these gasses from seaweeds also contributes to the destruction of the tropospheric ozone layer; an important link between ocean biology, atmospheric composition, and climate (268, 271–272).
General Survey of Geomedicine
Published in Jul Låg, Geomedicine, 2017
Natural disasters may for short periods lead to abnormal atmospheric composition. Volcanic eruption is a typical example. The release of fluorine is mentioned in Section II. Hydrogen-sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide are common gases under volcanic activities, and also many other compounds can occur in gases from volcanoes.
CRISPR/Cas: from adaptive immune system in prokaryotes to therapeutic weapon against immune-related diseases
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2020
Juan Esteban Garcia-Robledo, María Claudia Barrera, Gabriel J. Tobón
The biosphere as it exists today is the result of interactions among chemical elements, environmental conditions, and the evolution of various life forms over the past several billion years [1, 2]. The earth formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago [3], and since its creation has undergone marked changes in geology and atmospheric composition [4], most importantly the rise of atmospheric oxygen, known as “The Great Oxidation Event” (GOE) [5] concomitant with the appearance of the first photosynthetic organisms, the oceanic cyanobacteria, about 2.3 billion years ago [6]. Eukaryotic organisms emerged later, about 1.7–2.7 billion years ago, according to paleontological records [7, 8]. The most widely accepted hypothesis on the evolutionary progression from prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes posits that GOE exerted positive evolutionary pressure on archaea due to the development of potentially damaging reactive oxygen species, driving the selection of species capable of conserving the integrity of their metabolic pathways and genetic information via the development of membrane-bound intracellular compartments such as the cell nucleus [9].