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Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Flavanonols are derivatives of flavanones with a hydroxyl (OH) group at C3 and include taxifolin or dihydroquercetin and aromadendrin or dihydrokaempferol. Taxifolin is found in some conifers in Russia, and the Chinese yew plant named Taxus chinensis. Taxifolin, extracted from Taxus Chinensis, is used against cancer. Aromadendrin is found in citrus fruits and some Siberian pines. Taxifolin is also found in citrus fruits, onion, and milk thistle (147, 151–152).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
An uncharacterized alkane, sterol, and triterpene and the flavonoids aromadendrin and cyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-O-glucosyl-p-coumarate are reported, but would not explain the pharmacological effects.80
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids glycosides and pyrrolizidine alkaloids from propolis of Scaptotrigona aff. postica
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
T. M. Cantero, P. I. Silva Junior, G. Negri, R. M. Nascimento, R. Z. Mendonça
Schaftoside (15) and 7-methoxy-5,6,3′,4′,5′,6′-hexahydroxy-flavone-3-O-glucuronide (11) were reported previously in propolis from S. aff. postica (Coelho et al. 2015, 2018). Aromadendrin-7-O-methyl ether (12), exhibited protonated ion [M+H]+ at m/z 303 and base peak at m/z 285. This tetrahydroxyflavanone was also detected in propolis from Scaptotrigona bipunctata (Cisilotto et al. 2018), while aromadendrin was detected in geopropolis of Melipona interrupta and M. seminigra (Silva et al.2013). Mangiferin (10) and mangiferin-O-methyl ether (17) exhibited protonated ion [M+H]+ at m/z 423 and at m/z 437, respectively. The MS/MS spectrum of mangiferin (10) exhibited fragment ions at m/z 405 (100) and m/z 387 (80) corresponding to subsequent loss of two water units, while the MS/MS spectrum of mangiferin-O-methyl ether (17) exhibited fragment ions at m/z 419 (100), and at m/z 401 (80) (Kumar and Chandra 2015). Xanthones 10 and 17 were detected in all months of year, in the study the with twelve samples carried out by Negri et al. (2022). The proposed structures for pyrrolizidine alkaloids 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 14, 23 and 26 and the flavonoids 10, 12 and 15 are shown in Figure 3.
Hepatoprotective effects of Camellia nitidissima aqueous ethanol extract against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in SD rats related to Nrf2 and NF-κB signalling
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Xiaoman Zhang, Jie Feng, Shaofeng Su, Lei Huang
The chemical composition of CNE was analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF MS/MS; for chemical structures, see Figure 1. The main components of the CNE were identified from the mzCloud Search, Metabolika Search and ChemSpider Search (Table 1). Twelve components were identified through the matching of mass-to-charge-ratios, fragments and retention times with reference standards. l-Glutamic acid (1) and l-phenylalanine (3) are amino acids; l-phenylalanine (3) is one of the eight amino acids essential for humans. Pyridoxine (2) and nicotinic acid (11) are water-soluble vitamins and members of the vitamin B family. Quercetin (5), aromadendrin (6), taxifolin (7), rutin (8) and phloretin (9) are flavonoids. Rhein (4), garcinol (10) and (-)-epicatechin (12) are phenols.
In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition by Brazilian medicinal plant extracts characterised by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Mariacaterina Lianza, Ferruccio Poli, Alan Menezes do Nascimento, Aline Soares da Silva, Thamirys Silva da Fonseca, Marcos Vinicius Toledo, Rosineide Costa Simas, Andréa Rodrigues Chaves, Gilda Guimarães Leitão, Suzana Guimarães Leitão
From UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, the chemical composition of the two extracts from the leaves of L. origanoides resulted slightly different (Table 2). The extract from Manaus (LOM) showed more abundant presence of C-glycosyl flavones. Isoorientin and isovitexin, possessing the highest relative percentage, were not detected in the leaves extract from Videiras Valley (LOVV). Both compounds were successfully tested against α-glucosidase enzyme, resulting potent inhibitors37. Vicenin 2 was detected in both extracts. This C-glycosyl flavone was proved to be a multitarget agent for treatment of diabetes and relative complications. In addition to inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme, it resulted active against the rat lens aldose reductase and the protein tyrosine phosphatase, two enzymes involved in the modulation of insulin sensitivity and in the conversion of glucose into sorbitol, respectively38. Moreover, its interaction against the enzyme was described by a docking study, where vicenin 2 showed a docking score lower than isoorientin and isovitexin39. Some compounds detected in LOVV were not found in LOM. These metabolites were pinocembrin, sakuranetin, genkwanin, aromadendrin, and homoeriodictyol. Considering the relative percentages of the detected compounds, the LOVV extract resulted mostly composed by sakuranetin, vicenin 2, naringenin, and pinocembrin. Among these, vicenin 2, naringenin, and pinocembrin are promising α-glucosidase inhibitors40,41, while sakuranetin has been found to possess only a moderate activity against the enzyme42. These differences in the phytochemical profiles of the two extracts, which resulted in a different bioactivity, are certainly due to the different environment where the plants grew. Altitude, solar irradiation, supply of water and soil type strongly influence the production of flavonoids and the activation of certain biosynthetic pathways rather than others43,44. L. origanoides (LOVV) extract was fractioned into nine fractions which were tested at the concentration of 100 µg/mL (Table S3), that is close to the IC50 of the extract (94.24 ± 2.1 µg/mL). Considering this, only the fractions with inhibition greater than 60% were considered for the calculation of IC50, namely F05 and F08. The most active fraction F08, showing an IC50 value of 15.9 μg/mL, was also dereplicated by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis (Table 2). This fraction resulted mostly composed by vicenin 2 and naringenin, while sakuranetin was detected in low quantity. Fraction F05 was predominantly composed by pinocembrin, which was previously isolated from the same plant material as described by Leitão et al.31, thus, this isolated compound was used as standard for the identification.