Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Behavioural pharmacology
Published in Adam Doble, Ian L Martin, David Nutt, Calming the Brain: Benzodiazepines and related drugs from laboratory to clinic, 2020
Adam Doble, Ian L Martin, David Nutt
However, some early studies suggested that, under certain conditions, flumazenil does have some intrinsic activity (reviewed by File and Pellow, 1986). Confusingly, both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects have been observed, as well as anticonvulsant effects. These studies were considered important in the debate about the existence of an endogenous ligand for the benzodiazepine binding site, as discussed in Chapter 1. The relevance of these studies may in fact be to point to differences in the ‘set-point’ of the receptor efficacy spectrum (Nutt et al, 1992). It is possible that environmental factors, previous drug treatment, stress, etc, may produce small shifts in the receptor set-point such that acute challenge with flumazenil might reveal partial agonist or partial inverse agonist effects. There is somewhat more experimental evidence suggesting that there might be strain (or species) differences in the set-point of the receptor (Nutt and Lister, 1988; Jackson and Nutt, 1992) that would condition the behavioural response to flumazenil and other purported antagonists.
The association of anxiety, depression, and headache with caffeine use
Published in B.S. Gupta, Uma Gupta, Caffeine and Behavior, 2020
First, depression is a positive predictor of caffeine use, because it is mood elevating.1 Second, caffeine use is a positive predictor of anxiety levels, if caffeine is anxiogenic.2,3 Third, anxiety level is a negative predictor of caffeine use, because some individuals will avoid its anxiogenic effects.4–9 Fourth, caffeine use is a predictor of headaches during abstinence.10–14
Achieving and Sustaining Precision Effects
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Mood: Deep relaxation and stress reductionConscious sedation (especially therapeutic in overly excited/stressed nervous system-based conditions; see sample conditions below)Significant mood improvement is possible, but there is a very narrow line between anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects, ranging from euphoria (joy) to dysphoria (feeling anxious, scared, or panicky)
Subchronic administration of Parastar insecticide induced behavioral changes and impaired motor coordination in male Wistar rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Antoine Kada Sanda, Akono Edouard Nantia, T. F. Pascal Manfo, Romi T. Toboh, Roxane Essame Abende, Sterling Adaibum, Paul Fewou Moundipa, Pierre Kamtchouing
The subchronic exposure to the medium and high doses of Parastar used in this study induced anxiety-like consequences in rats during Elevated Plus Maze test. The duration and number of entries in open arms decreased in animals exposed to Parastar. Both parameters are often used as indicators of behavior changes of anxiety origin, with their decrease interpreted as the evidence for anxiogenic-like effect of some drugs (Rocha et al. 2007). However, these findings do not corroborate the study of Terçariol and Godinho (2011) who reported an increase in the number of entries in both open and closed arms in rats acutely exposed to fipronil of the phenylpyrazole insecticide family. These discrepancies suggest difference in action mechanism of Parastar formulation and fipronil on nervous system probably related to the pesticide class difference.
Neonatal pyridoxine administration long lastingly accelerates cortical spreading depression in male rats, without affecting anxiety-like behavior
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Kelly Rayanne Gondim-Silva, Joselma M. da-Silva, Laís A. V. de Souza, Rubem C. A. Guedes
During the early stages of life, rapid changes occur that can be expressed through behavior, neuroendocrine response, synaptic connectivity, and global neural gene expression [34]. In the last century a study had suggested the involvement of pyridoxine on the modulation of brain excitability and behavior [35]. Recently, it has been suggested that pyridoxine levels may influence the various neurotransmitters that are involved with humor control, including GABA [30], and interact with tricyclic antidepressant drugs, as well as with serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [36]. In addition, the pyridoxine levels appear to influence long-term potentiation, a phenomenon that is associated with learning and memory processes [37]. Although the present EPM results did not reveal pyridoxine-associated differences in the anxiety-like behavior, a non-significant tendency towards anxiogenic behavior (Figure 2) can be speculated and should be further investigated, perhaps using pyridoxine in higher doses than those that have been used presently.
Understanding neurobehavioral effects of acute and chronic stress in zebrafish
Published in Stress, 2021
Konstantin A. Demin, Alexander S. Taranov, Nikita P. Ilyin, Anton M. Lakstygal, Andrey D. Volgin, Murilo S. de Abreu, Tatyana Strekalova, Allan V. Kalueff
Other differences in zebrafish stress responses heavily depend on the nature of stress stimuli. For instance, physical stressors (e.g. net chasing or pain) may cause a stronger anxiogenic response than chemical cues (e.g. exposure to alarm pheromone), and this difference can impact drug effects as well (e.g. fluoxetine blunts cortisol release in response to physical stress (Abreu et al., 2017), see Table 3 for details). Zebrafish also possess an external development with the production of hundreds of eggs, transparent embryos and fast development, which together with the availability of multiple genetic tools (Rieger, Wang, & Sagasti, 2011) may help assess the role of genetic and pharmacological modulation of stress-related states. As many outstanding questions remain open in this field (Table 4), this collectively calls for further translational neurobehavioral research utilizing zebrafish models of stress.