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Aegle marmelos (Bael) and Annona squamosa (Sugar Apple)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Abhidha Kohli, Taufeeq Ahmad, Sachidanand Singh
A. squamosa (Family: Annoaceae) is a plant species which bears a fruit commonly known as “custard apple” or “sugar apple”. It is a small tropical tree which is native to South America and distributed throughout India and other tropical Asian countries. The ripe fruit pulp contains around 88.9–95.7 g calories, and the sugar content is 14.58%, amino acid lysine (54–69 mg), carotene (5–7 IU), and ascorbic acid (34.7–42.2 mg) (Morton, 1987). Various chemical constituents isolated from leaves, stems, and roots of A. squamosa include anonaine, aporphine, coryeline, isocorydine, norcorydine, and glaucine (Pandey and Barve, 2011b) to which their great medicinal benefits may be attributed. Folkloric reports suggest its use as an insecticidal, antitumor (Vikas et al., 2017), antidiabetic (Shirwaikaret al., 2004a, c), antioxidant, antilipidemic (Gupta et al., 2008), and anti-inflammatory agent (Yang et al., 2008) which may be attributed to the presence of the cyclic peptides (Gajalakshmi et al., 2011; Ramalingum et al., 2014). A glance at the edible, phytochemical, and pharmacological profile of A. squamosa is depicted in Figure 17.4.
Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
Alkaloids are the only class of phytochemicals that have been reported in the American lotus. Several alkaloid compounds such as nuciferine, (±)-armepavine, (−)-N-nornuciferine, (−)-N-norarmepavine, O-nornuciferine, anonaine, and roemerine are found in trace amounts in the petioles of N. lutea (Zelenski 1977). The four alkaloids including nuciferine (0.047%), (±)-armepavine (0.0046%), (−)-N-nornuciferine (0.013%), and (−)-N-norarmepavine (0.055%) were also reported in the leaves and stems of N. lutea (Figure 4.33) (Kupchan et al. 1963). The four aporphine alkaloids (nuciferine, N-nornuciferine, O-nornuciferine, and (−)-armepavine) were found as the major phytochemicals in the leaves of the sacred lotus (N. nucifera) (Do et al. 2013, Ma et al. 2010).
Nelumbo nucifera
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Pulok K. Mukherjee, Debayan Goswami, Bhaskar Das, Subhadip Banerjee
The major components found in the leaf extract were nuciferine (4), dehydronuciferine (15), rutin (16), anonaine (17), dehydroanonaine (18), β-sitosterol (19), asimilobine (20), and roemarin (21) (Kunitomo et al. 1973; Luo et al. 2005; Ohkoshi et al. 2007; Zhao et al. 2013; Grienke et al. 2015). Non-phenolic bases including roemerine (21), nuciferine (4), nornuciferine (22), anonaine (17) and liriodenine (23), while phenolic bases like norarmepavine (24) are also found in N. nucifera leaf extract (Kunitomo et al. 1973; Do et al. 2013; Li et al. 2014). From leaves and petioles, lirinidine (25), astragalin (26), caaverin (27), lysicamine (28), cepharadione (29), oleracein E (30), epicatechin (31), taxifolin (32) and alphitolic acid (33) were isolated (Shoji et al. 1987; Ohkoshi et al. 2007; Kim et al. 2009; Li et al. 2014; Lin et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2014; Sharma et al. 2016; Tang et al. 2017).
Sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09) shows an additive effect to inhibit cell growth of X-ray irradiated oral cancer cells, involving apoptosis and ROS generation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
Jen-Yang Tang, Chih-Wen Shu, Chun-Lin Wang, Sheng-Chieh Wang, Meng-Yang Chang, Li-Ching Lin, Hsueh-Wei Chang
X-ray radiation is reported to induce G2/M arrest in several types of cancer cells. Examples include X-ray-induced G2/M arrest of human lung cancer A549 cells (Yamamori et al. 2012) and mouse lymphoma cells (Takemura et al. 1998). Similarly, X-rays also induce G2/M arrest in oral cancer Ca9-22 cells (Figure 2). Arrest at the G2/M phase by curcumin analog T83 has been shown to enhance radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal cancer cells (Pan et al. 2013). Similarly, CHW09/X-ray still maintains G2/M arrest like X-ray treatment for oral cancer Ca9-22 cells without subG1 accumulation, although CHW09 did not change the cell cycle distribution. Moreover, apoptosis is not always associated with subG1 accumulation. For example, diarylpyrazole derivative (AM251) (Carpi et al. 2015) and sinularin (Chang, Wu, et al. 2017; Huang et al. 2018) induced G2/M arrest with little subG1 accumulation for melanoma A375 cells, oral Ca9-22, and breast SKBR3 cancer cells. In some cases, drug-induced apoptosis may have a delayed response for subG1 accumulation (Chen et al. 2011). For example, some drugs do not cause a subG1 population at 24 and 48 h until 72 h, such as (−)-Anonaine for lung cancer H1299 cells (Chen et al. 2011) and chalcone derivative Ch1 for colon cancer Caco-2 cells (Kello et al. 2016).
New insights on the phytochemical intervention for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders using the leaves of Michelia champaca: an in vivo and in silico approach
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Pushpa V. H., Jayanthi M. K., Rashmi H. R., Veeresh Kumar N. Shivamurthy, Shashank M. Patil, Prithvi S. Shirahatti, Ramith Ramu
In our study, preliminary screening of the various phytochemicals present in the ethanol extract of M. champaca leaves was performed. It was revealed that the extract was abundant in alkaloids, tannins, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates and glycosides. Previous study evaluated the free radical scavenging activity of the flower extract that demonstrated compounds such as anonaine, an aporphine (isoquinoline) alkaloids present in the extract showed significant pharmacological activities such as, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidative, anticancer and antidepressant (Li et al. 2013).