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Plant-based Nanomaterials and their Antimicrobial Activity
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Mayuri Napagoda, Priyalatha Madhushanthi, Dharani Wanigasekara, Sanjeeva Witharana
Besides the field of medicine, the antimicrobial activity of phytochemical-loaded nanomaterials are also useful in the food industry. For example, Ghosh et al. (2014)formulated an oil-in-water nanoemulsion using sesame oil, non-ionic surfactant and water for the delivery of eugenol. This eugenol-loaded nanoemulsion exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus by altering membrane permeability. This nanoemulsion was able to preserve orange juice against microbial spoilage (Ghosh et al. 2014). Similarly, nanoemulsions of anise oil were prepared and the effects of these nanomaterials on the survival of the food-borne pathogens, L. monocytogenes and E. coli were investigated. The results indicated that the nanoemulsions of anise oil possess better antimicrobial activity than the bulk anise oil (Topuz et al. 2016). A recent study that describes the antibacterial potential of the eugenol entrapped ethosome nanoparticles against fruit anthracnose revealed that the antibacterial activity of eugenol entrapped ethosome nanoparticles was significantly higher than that of the free eugenol (Jin et al. 2019).
Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sherweit El-Ahmady, Nehal Ibrahim, Nermeen Farag, Sara Gabr
Anise is well known for essential oil, which gives it the characteristics of odor and aroma. Although the major component of anise oil is trans-anethole (75–90%), other constituents include coumarins (umbelliferone, umbelliprenine, bergapten, and scopoletin), lipids (fatty acids, betaarmyrin, stigmasterol, and its salts), and flavonoids (flavonol, flavone, glycosides, rutin, isoorientin).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Anise is grown primarily for the seeds, used for flavoring curries, sweets, confectionaries, and liqueurs, such as anisette. One good anise liqueur is made by stirring 6 spoons crushed aniseed (fennel seed may be substituted) in a quart of brandy. Anisette combines equal parts (2 spoons each) of rather equal-flavored anise, coriander, and fennel seed in a quart of sugared vodka. A pleasant way to take your vitamins would be with Farrel’s Rose-Hip and Anise Liqueur, which can be simulated by boiling aniseed and rosehips down to a syrup in sugar water to add to vodka. For those not in a hurry, steeping in the vodka is favored over boiling, but weekend liqueur connoisseurs can achieve results quicker using the herbal syrup approach. Allasch is a Latvian Kummel with anise, almond, and caraway. Anesone is an anise-flavored cordial, sweeter and stronger than anisette. Ojen is a Spanish liqueur, high in alcohol and anise. Ouzo is a Greek anise liqueur. A French anise-based liqueur is called Pastis. Tres Castillos is a Puerto Rican anise-flavored liqueur.261 Anise makes a nice ancillary ingredient to other more delicate liqueurs but should be used cautiously. The highest maximum levels for anise oil are circa 570 ppm in alcoholic beverages, circa 680 ppm in candy. Seeds yield an essential oil upon distillation, used in medicine, perfumery, soaps, and beverages. Anise oil, rather than licorice root, generally used to provide “licorice” flavoring used in baked goods, beverages, brandy, cordials, cough drops, in dentrifices as an antiseptic, gelatins, meat and meat products, puddings, etc., and as a photographic sensitizer. If you grow a good quantity of seed, they are useful for refreshing the breath. Teas and salads are embellished by the addition of small quantities of leaves. Anise odor sometimes used in England and U.S. as an artificial fragrance for “drag hunting” with fox hounds. In the old days, anise seed was valued against the evil eye and the bad breath. The condiment anise seed was taxed by Edward I to help repair London Bridge.6 Powdered anise used to flavor horse and cattle feed. Oil of anise regarded as an excellent bait for mouse and rat traps, and as fish lure, said to be poisonous to pigeons. Ground seeds are used in sachets and have been smoked to promote expectoration. Anise oil, mixed with sassafras oil, is used against insects.65 Anethole, anisaldehyde, rf-carvone, and myristicin all have mild insecticidal properties.65 The fungicidal oil is used in oil-painting china.61
GC-MS metabolites profiling of anethole-rich oils by different extraction techniques: antioxidant, cytotoxicity and in-silico enzymes inhibitory insights
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Dina M. El-Kersh, Nada M. Mostafa, Shaimaa Fayez, Tarfah Al-Warhi, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Mohamed A. Salem
Anise oil is similarly rich in trans-anethole (75%–90%) and other constituents including coumarin (i.e. umbelliferone), sterols, and some flavonoids7. In general, several factors were reported to affect the yield percentage of oil constituents, among them the extraction process8. In Anise oil, trans-anethole varied as per the extraction procedures implemented. This in turn affects the overall biological activity since the n-hexane extract of star anise displayed more significant antimicrobial effect than that obtained by steam distillation9,10. Furthermore, the oil extracted with ethanol assisted by microwaves showed stronger antioxidant activity than the one extracted by the same solvent in Soxhlet7.
Persian Norms for The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C)
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2021
Mohammad Soukhtanlou, Ali Purabbas, Ali Sharifi, Masoud Gholamali Lavasani, Enayatollah Shahidi, Hamid Reza Rajabifar
The English form of the SHSS:C was used to create the Persian translation. Persian is the most commonly spoken language in Iran, although it is spoken by some individuals living in some other countries like Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The SHSS:C was first translated into Persian by a bilingual hypnosis researcher who was one of the authors of this paper. It was then translated back into English by a different bilingual researcher. The translation was compared to the original English, and corrections were applied to ensure equivalence. Then, a specialist in Persian literature reviewed the final translation and revised it to maximize the overall fluency. This revised version was then reviewed by an Iranian hypnosis expert to make the final revision. The ninth item of the original SHSS:C uses a bottle of peppermint oil for detecting an odor. As the usage of peppermint is common in Iran, its oil could trigger emotional memories in the Iranian population; thus, we substituted it with anise oil, which is an unfamiliar odor for Iranians. This decision was made to ensure that during hypnosis participants would face a neutral odor.