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Endocrine Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Finally, it is noteworthy that the structure of bicalutamide has been used as the basis for the design of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) such as andarine and ostarine that are in development for the treatment of conditions such as osteoporosis and muscle wasting.
Social media’s impact on widespread SARMs abuse
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Henrik A. Hahamyan, Nikhil Vasireddi, James E. Voos, Jacob G. Calcei
SARMs, a class of androgen receptor ligands, display even stronger tissue-selective activation of androgen signaling relative to that of anabolic steroids. SARMs are taken orally, increasing ease of use compared to many other PEDs, which are typically administered through intramuscular injections. In vitro and in vivo studies originally demonstrated potential to treat cachexia supporting the idea that SARMs can be used to build muscle mass through recreational use [1]. Commonly used SARMs include MK-2866 (Ostarine/Enobosarm/Gtx-024), RAD-140 (Testolone), LGD-4033 (Ligandrol/VK5211), and S4 (Andarine). All but the latter have undergone some level of clinical testing. In 2013, MK-2866 reached phase III trials in treatment for cachexia, but ultimately failed to meet their primary endpoint (NCT: 01355484). LGD-4033 completed a phase I trial, but found no significant changes in strength and no serious adverse effects; although, it revealed a trend toward dose-related strength improvement [2]. However, higher performance enhancing doses could be associated with serious adverse effects, which is supported by numerous case reports indicating SARMs-related drug-induced liver injury and negative cardiovascular outcomes [3–7]. Anecdotal evidence through online forums have reported other harmful side effects such as night vision blindness, drastically lower testosterone levels in males, and virilization in females.
Social media may cause emergent SARMs abuse by athletes: a content quality analysis of the most popular YouTube videos
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Nikhil Vasireddi, Henrik A. Hahamyan, Yash Kumar, Mitchell K. Ng, James E. Voos, Jacob G. Calcei
Duration, number of comments, and number of tags were analyzed (Table 1). From the 100 videos, 1 968 unique case-insensitive tags were collected and processed to 33 relevant categories. 86% of videos had tags, and the frequency of the top 20 tag categories and the categorical distribution of tags related to SARMs and its associated compounds were measured (Figure 2). By video tag count, LGD-4033, Ostarine, RAD-140, and Andarine (S4) were the most popular SARMs, while MK677 and Cardarine were the most popular supplements associated with SARMs. The difference in mean duration was statistically significant between physician videos (8.697 minutes) and athletic trainer videos (17.052 minutes, p < 0.01) and athletic trainer videos (17.052 minutes) and patient videos (10.032 minutes, p < 0.01). The difference in mean number of comments was statistically significant between athletic trainer videos (773.553) and commercial videos (188.600, p < 0.01). Lastly, the difference in mean number of tags was statistically significant between athletic trainer videos (15.574) and patient videos (23.500, p < 0.05). Finally, there were no statistically significant differences in mean duration, number of comments, and number of tags among different content groups.
A pas de deux of osteoporosis and sarcopenia: osteosarcopenia
Published in Climacteric, 2022
F. Laskou, H. P. Patel, C. Cooper, E. Dennison
Testosterone replacement in men has demonstrated positive effects in muscle strength, gait and volumetric BMD [94,95]. Hormone replacement therapy in women at the onset of menopause has been shown to preserve muscle strength [96] and prolonged use is associated with high muscle mass [97]. Hormone replacement therapy use also reduces fractures, although the unfavorable risk/benefit balance in older postmenopausal women limits its use to younger postmenopausal women who are at high risk of fracture and also have menopausal symptoms [28]. Side effects and variable anabolic actions seen in studies of selective androgen receptor modulators, classes of androgen receptor ligands that display tissue selective anabolic and androgenic activity, have precluded their widespread use. For example, though andarine and ostarine use were associated with an increase lean mass and physical function in older males and postmenopausal females [98,99], no clear advantage was shown for bone health.