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Heartburn/Acid Reflux/Indigestion/Dyspepsia/Pyrosis/GERD
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Antacids: Antacids provide immediate symptomatic relief for mild GERD and are often used concurrently with acid blockers.6 For acid reflux, antacids are usually taken orally one and three hours after meals and at bedtime. In general, antacids should be ingested in liquid form because this probably has a greater acid neutralizing capacity than powder or tablet dosage forms.7 Over-the-counter products that neutralize stomach acid include aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel, AlternaGEL, Gaviscon), magnesium hydroxide (Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia), aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta), calcium carbonate (Rolaids, Titralac, Tums), and sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer).4,8
Medical Patients with Epilepsy
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate preparations are in wide use for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and sundry ill-defined stomach ailments. Some of these preparations can decrease the absorption of PHT horn the GI tract, but this effect appears to be quite variable (18). A single report also suggests that the absorption of some VPA preparations can be increased by some but not other antacid formulations (20,21). When feasible, given the uncertainties of changes in VPA or PHT bioavailability during concomitant antacid therapy, these AEDs should be administered either 1 to 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking the antacid. AED plasma levels should be followed during concurrent therapy to screen for significant interactions.
Clinical Considerations in Radiotracer Biodistribution Studies
Published in Lelio G. Colombetti, Biological Transport of Radiotracers, 2020
Liver uptake of 99mTc-Sn-EHDP has been demonstrated in the presence of AΓ3 ions possibly leached from the technetium generator. This was believed to be due to the formation of a colloidal complex, although no particles were visible under light microscopy.47 Plasma aluminum levels have been reported to rise markedly during ingestion of aluminum hydroxide, carbonate, and aminoacetate.48
Is SARS-CoV-2 vaccination safe and effective for elderly individuals with neurodegenerative diseases?
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2021
Yan Shi, Minna Guo, Wenjing Yang, Shijiang Liu, Bin Zhu, Ling Yang, Chun Yang, Cunming Liu
Vaccination is the most promising measure to reduce infection rates and mortality in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. After completing SARS-CoV-2 sequencing, several SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates began research and development. After SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the body can produce an immune response against the vaccine antigen, including cellular and/or humoral immunity, and generate memory immune cells, thereby gaining antiviral ability. As patients with neurodegenerative diseases often have complex conditions such as advanced age and poor immune function, we must consider the safety and effectiveness of vaccines in these patients. Unfortunately, most SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates exclude elderly patients in clinical trials, and we are unable to obtain relevant clinical data. Based on previous vaccination data, we speculate that most inactivated vaccines are relatively safe for patients with neurodegenerative diseases. There is not sufficient data to prove the safety of live attenuated vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. Because neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with immunosuppression, live attenuated vaccines should be avoided. Furthermore, vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant should be used with caution in these patients.
Aluminum hydroxide nebulization-induced redox imbalance and acute lung inflammation in mice
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2020
Erika Tiemi Kozima, Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza, Thalles de Freitas Castro, Natália Alves de Matos, Nicole Elizabeth Philips, Guilherme de Paula Costa, André Talvani, Sílvia Dantas Cangussú, Frank Silva Bezerra
Exposure to aluminum hydroxide did not cause a change in total leukocyte count in the blood. These results are similar to Kim et al. who found no change in leukocyte counts in the blood after twenty-eight days of exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles in rates.37 Conversely, Ghorbel et al. observed an increase in blood leukocyte counts in rats orally exposed to aluminum chloride for three weeks.16 Our results may differ from Ghorbel et al. due to differences in the form and time of administration. Although there was no increase in the overall blood leukocyte count, exposure to aluminum hydroxide promoted changes in neutrophil and monocyte counts. Neutrophils are considered the first line of immune defense and are involved in the initiation, amplification, and modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response.39 We observed increased neutrophil counts in the group exposed to aluminum hydroxide compared to control and PBS groups. Our results suggest that exposure to aluminum hydroxide induced an acute systemic inflammatory response. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in monocyte counts in the group exposed to aluminum hydroxide. Monocytes are recruited from the circulation into the lungs in response to specific chemokines 40 and studies have linked recruitment of monocytes to the development of lung injury.41 The decrease of monocytes in the blood, observed in this study, may be related to the recruitment of this cell type to the lungs.
An update on the latest chemical therapies for reflux esophagitis in children
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Marc Bardou, Kyle J. Fortinsky, Nicolas Chapelle, Maxime Luu, Alan Barkun
The effectiveness of antacids in children has been studied in two small trials. Both trials found that antacids are successful in treating GER in large doses. They were found to be equally effective to H2RAs in healing esophagitis as well as improving symptoms of GER [38,39]. While the benefit of antacids is their relative safety compared to other medications such as PPIs, H2RAs, and prokinetics, they still have some associated risks. There have been reports of aluminum toxicity in preparations containing aluminum hydroxide, leading to osteopenia, microcytic anemia, and neurotoxicity [40]. Moreover, other preparations containing calcium can lead to milk-alkali syndrome, a syndrome of hypercalcemia, alkalosis, and renal failure [41].