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Anxiety
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
I advise my patients to keep a simple diary of their symptoms, because it can be challenging to know whether any improvement in mood is from the supplement, situational, or possibly a placebo effect. An easy way to do this is to make a list of three or four symptoms that cause the greatest anxiety—eg, irritability, ruminating/negative thoughts, reactivity—and score them on a scale from 1 to 10. Then begin taking the supplement and repeat the scoring every week. Sometimes the benefit of a supplement is subtle, so keeping a diary of symptoms to identify any improvement is extremely helpful. Combining 5-HTP with a meditation practice has synergistic benefits, and anxiety lessens over time.
Fibromyalgia
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
5-HTP is produced in the body from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. It is converted to the neurotransmitter serotonin. 5-HTP increases the production of serotonin by the central nervous system. In fibromyalgia, clinical evidence has suggested that taking 100 mg of 5-HTP orally three times daily for 30 to 90 days can help to improve pain, tenderness, sleep, anxiety, fatigue, and morning stiffness.157,158
Orthomolecular Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Arturo O'Byrne-Navia, Arturo O'Byrne-De Valdenebro
5-Hydroxy tryptophan increases the production of serotonin in the nervous system (Jacobsen et al. 2016, Zhang and Zhao 2016). The amount of 5-HTP reaching the central nervous system (CNS) is affected by the extent to which 5-HTP is converted to serotonin in the periphery. This conversion is controlled by the enzyme amino acid decarboxylase, which, in the periphery, can be blocked by peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors (PDIs) such as carbidopa. Preclinical and clinical evidence for the efficacy of 5-HTP for depression is reviewed, with emphasis on double-blind, placebo-controlled (DB-PC) trials. Safety issues with 5-HTP are also reviewed, with emphasis on eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS) and serotonin syndrome (Turner et al. 2006).
Pharmacotherapeutic management of sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Oliviero Bruni, Marco Angriman, Maria Grazia Melegari, Raffaele Ferri
5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is the intermediate metabolite of the essential amino acid LT in the biosynthesis of serotonin. It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and effectively increases CNS synthesis of serotonin. The effects of 5-HTP on sleep structure are conflicting: an increase or decrease in REM sleep and an increase in SWS have been reported in a review paper [136]. The exact mechanism of action of the sedative effects of 5-HTP is not completely clear, and it is unclear if it is mediated only by conversion into serotonin. Early studies suggested that serotonin might help produce NREM and possibly REM sleep, but more recent work indicates that serotonin generally promotes wakefulness and suppresses REM sleep [137]. It seems, however, that the effect of serotonin on sleep-wake behavior might depend upon the differential activation of the serotonergic system (systemic administration of low vs. high doses of the precursor 5-HTP) and the time at which the activation occurs (light vs. dark period of the light-dark cycle) [138]. It has been hypothesized that the 5-HTP-related increase in SWS during the dark period depends upon the synthesis or release of as yet to be identified sleep-promoting factors [139].
Influences of exposure to 915-MHz radiofrequency identification signals on serotonin metabolites in rats: a pilot study
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Hye Sun Kim, Man-Jeong Paik, Chan Seo, Hyung Do Choi, Jeong-Ki Pack, Nam Kim, Young Hwan Ahn
In mammals, roughly 95% of serotonin is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract (Terry and Margolis 2017), and the rest is produced in the central nervous system. Tryptophan (TRP), a serotonin precursor, is converted into 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by TRP hydroxylase. Subsequently, 5-HTP is converted into serotonin by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (Agus et al. 2018; Dehhaghi et al. 2019). Serotonin is widely distributed to several target organs and is broken down by monoamine oxidase to produce 5-HIAA (O’Mahony et al. 2015). Finally, 5-HIAA is converted into 5-methoxylindole-3-acetic acid (5-MIAA) by hydroxyl-indole-O-methyltransferase and excreted by the kidneys (Ho et al. 2001). These cascades are shown in both the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Serotonin is a crucial neurotransmitter in the brain–gut axis (Jenkins et al. 2016) and plays a wide-ranging regulatory role in the physiology of the whole body, including the immune system (Wu et al. 2019). However, few animal studies have reported the influences of RF-EMF exposure on serotonin metabolism, and the results reported to date have been inconsistent (Snyder 1971; Catravas et al. 1976; Maaroufi et al. 2014; Li et al. 2015). In one report, levels of serotonin and 5-HIAA in the brain increased following continuous exposure to 3000-MHz RF signals at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 8 W/kg for 1 h. By contrast, serotonin and 5-HIAA levels decreased following exposure to the same RF signals at a SAR of 2 W/kg for 8 h/day for 7 days (Snyder 1971). In another animal study, serotonin concentrations and TRP hydroxylase activity in the diencephalon increased after exposure to 10 mW/cm2 of RF signals for 8 h/day (Catravas et al. 1976).
Effectiveness of Tinnitan Duo® in Subjective Tinnitus with Emotional Affectation: A Prospective, Interventional Study
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Jennifer Knäpper, M. Victoria Girauta, Jordi Coromina
We assessed the specific effect of this food supplement on the emotional subscale, given the high prevalence and negative consequences of these symptoms for patients. The 46.2% improvement in the emotional response is greater than the 33.4% observed in the total score, which could indicate greater improvements in the emotional response than in the functional or catastrophic ones. Again, we cannot draw firm conclusions as the emotional response is highly subjective, and our study lacks a control group. The emotional response improvement could be attributed to ingredients such as zinc, melatonin, or 5-HTP with reported effects on emotional symptoms. 5-HTP is the most immediate precursor of serotonin, a neurotransmitter modulating anxiety and stress. This amino acid is used as a dietary supplement for the treatment of depression or insomnia (Jangid et al. 2013), but its role in tinnitus is controversial (Simpson and Davies 2000). To our knowledge, no previous study assessed the effect of 5-HTP in the management of tinnitus. Zinc, an essential mineral expressed in the central nervous system including the auditory pathway and the cochlea (Coelho et al. 2007), showed lower levels in people with tinnitus compared with control groups (Arda et al. 2003). The potential effect of zinc on tinnitus has been linked to functions such as cochlear protection against free radical damage, maintenance of cochlear integrity, modulation of neurotransmission and antidepressant activity (Coelho et al. 2007). However, a systematic review found, with low quality evidence, that oral zinc supplementation was not associated with improved symptoms in adults with tinnitus (Person et al. 2016), contrasting with a randomized placebo-controlled study showing a significant improvement in subjective tinnitus severity. The potential role of melatonin in tinnitus management is associated with its involvement in the sleep-wake cycle and antioxidant activity (Pirodda et al. 2010). Melatonin promoted a significant decrease in the THI score and sleep quality (Megwalu et al. 2006; Cima et al. 2019), and an improvement in tinnitus loudness and matching (Hurtuk et al. 2011). The effectiveness of melatonin was more pronounced in certain subsets of patients such as those with severe sleeping problems (Megwalu et al. 2006) or high THI scores (Rosenberg et al. 1998; Cima et al. 2019).