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Biochemical Parameters and Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Published in Anil Gupta, Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children, 2020
3-Methylhistidine is the histidine molecule that undergoes post-translational modification. Urinary 3-methylhistidine concentration is a sensitive biomarker of protein catabolism in the skeletal muscles in humans. It is almost free from the renal function in comparison to the creatinine.
Molecular Mechanisms of Training Effects
Published in Atko Viru, Adaptation in Sports Training, 2017
A question arises about the physiological role of 3-methylhistidine. This amino acid is synthesized by adding the methyl group to the histidine molecule after it is included into the peptide chain for formation of myosin or actin. In degradation of contractile proteins, 3-methylhistidine is released and without any changes or reutilization will be excreted with urine. Does this particular amino acid contribute to the link between degradation and synthesis of contractile proteins? This possibility was supported by the results collected in a study of the dynamics of 3-methylhistidine excretion during an 8-week period of resistive training. The training sessions were followed by an increased 3-methylhistidine excretion with peak values on the next night. Training with 70% one-repetition maximum (1RM) exercises was more effective than 50% 1RM exercises in improvement of muscular strength, as well as in development of muscle hypertrophy. The 3-methylhistidine excretion increased during the training period to a higher level in 70% 1RM exercises.88 These results do not prove the contribution of 3-methylhistidine in induction of the synthesis of contractile proteins. More likely, the higher 3-methylhistidine release corresponded to the more intensive turnover of contractile proteins in case of more effective training.
The Food Metabolome and Dietary Biomarkers
Published in Dale A. Schoeller, Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga, Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake, 2017
Augustin Scalbert, Joseph A. Rothwell, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Vanessa Neveu
Specificity of the newly proposed biomarkers is also often unclear. Distribution of a newly discovered biomarker or of its precursors in any potentially confounding food should be explored. Their distribution should be specific to the food of interest, or this food should represent its major dietary source in the population where the biomarker is intended to be measured. A number of candidate biomarkers can be eliminated on this basis. The evaluation of biological plausibility thus requires comprehensive knowledge of the content of all main biomarker precursors in all foods consumed in a population. This information is easily available for common nutrients but usually not for many nonnutrient compounds. Some food precursors like proline betaine (de Zwart et al. 2003; Heinzmann et al. 2010) or 1- and 3-methylhistidine (Sjolin et al. 1987) have been analyzed in various foods to provide information on their dietary origin. However these data are often incomplete and more comprehensive databases such as Phenol-Explorer for polyphenols (Neveu et al. 2010) are needed. The development of FooDB, a database on all known dietary compounds and their occurrence in different foods, is a big step in this direction (University of Alberta 2016).
Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on nutrient absorption and metabolism in rats: distinguishing the susceptibility of amino acids, metal elements, and glucose
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Yanjun Gao, Yixuan Ye, Jing Wang, Hao Zhang, Yao Wu, Yihui Wang, Lailai Yan, Yongliang Zhang, Shumin Duan, Lizhi Lv, Yun Wang
Serum amino acids were determined using an amino acid analyzer (Hitachi L-8900, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) according the published method (Nishi et al. 2018). Briefly, frozen serum samples (each group with five rats) were removed and thawed; 0.3 mL of serum and 0.3 mL of 5% sulfosalicylic acid were mixed thoroughly for deproteinization and then centrifuged at 12 000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane and then analyzed for amino acids using an ion-exchange amino acid analyzer. Thirty-three types of amino acid components were tested in this study, including Thr, Met, Val, His, Lys, isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), cysteine (Cys), cystathionine (Cysthi), arginine (Arg), aspartic acid (Asp), proline (Pro), serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), glutamic acid (Glu), alanine (Ala), beta-alanine (β-Ala), 1-methylhistidine (1Mehis), 3-methylhistidine (3Mehis), taurine (Tau), sarcosine (Sar), citrulline (Cit), ornithine (Orn), alpha-aminoadipic Acid (α-AAA), alpha-aminobutyric acid (α-ABA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (γ-ABA), beta-aminoisobutyric acid (β-AiBA), ethanolamine (EOHNH2), hydroxyproline (Hypro), urea, and NH3. Unfortunately, tryptophan (Trp) could not be tested by this method since Trp would be hydrolyzed by acid (Nishi et al. 2018).
Metabolic fate and subchronic biological effects of core–shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 nanoparticles
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Yueli Chen, Jinquan Li, Zhongxue Yuan, Jianghua Feng, Zhong Chen
Totally 16 metabolites changed in kidney in a dose-dependent manner in 12 week p. d., including the decreased concentrations of 1-&3-methylhistidine, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine and γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) and the increased concentrations of adenosine, AMP, glutamine, inosine, niacinamide, propionate, threonine, and β-glucose. In comparison, smaller effects were observed in lung metabonomes, in which Fe@Si-NPs induced the increased levels of betaine, glutamate, GSH, GPC, glycogen, myo-inositol, propionate, and glucose, and the decreased levels of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), AMP, and taurine.
Integrated fecal microbiome–metabolome signatures reflect stress and serotonin metabolism in irritable bowel syndrome
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Zlatan Mujagic, Melpomeni Kasapi, Daisy MAE Jonkers, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Lisa Vork, Zsa Zsa R.M. Weerts, Jose Ivan Serrano-Contreras, Alexandra Zhernakova, Alexander Kurilshikov, Jamie Scotcher, Elaine Holmes, Cisca Wijmenga, Daniel Keszthelyi, Jeremy K Nicholson, Joram M Posma, Ad AM Masclee
In order to identify links between gut microbiota and corresponding metabolites, an extensive metabolic reaction network was constructed involving significantly increased and decreased gut microbial families and fecal metabolites in IBS patients (full network in Figure S5). A representation based on this network is presented in Figure 4a. In this interactive figure, the microbial families found to be increased in IBS (purple) and increased in HC (green) are shown on the left. In the figure, via the centralized enzymes, the pathways toward the fecal water metabolites on the right, again in purple increased in IBS, and green increased in HC, can be followed. Pathways for saccharolytic and proteolytic metabolic activity can be extrapolated from this graph. First, propionate-CoA transferase, a microbial enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, found in 14 IBS- and 13 HC-associated bacterial families, can produce both acetate and lactate (both higher in HC, Figure 4b). CoA-bound forms of acetate or lactate are released and CoA-bound propionate is formed from free propionate (higher in IBS). Second, a general class of aspartoacylases that produce aspartate plus carboxylate from an acylaspartate-substrate (Figure 4c). The carboxylic acid metabolites, formate, and acetate can be produced by reactions mediated by this enzyme. Fecal aspartate and formate are both higher in IBS, whereas acetate is higher in HC. Specifically, N-formylaspartate amidohydrolase (Homo sapiens and microbial enzyme) produces both aspartate and formate. Six HC-associated microbial families (Aeromonadaceae, Clostridiaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Campylobacteraceae, Propionibacteriaceae) have this enzyme and also 2 IBS-associated families (Alteromonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae). Third, alanine-lactate ligase, found in 5 HC and 3 IBS associated microbiota families, uses both alanine and lactate as substrates. However, alanine is found in higher concentrations in IBS and lactate higher in HC. A number of enzymes catalyze reactions involving multiple metabolites that are all associated with either IBS or HC. Lactate 2-monooxygenase produces acetate from substrate lactate, both higher in HC. However, valine N-monooxygenase can use both valine and isoleucine as substrate, both these branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are higher in IBS and can only be found in some species within the Mycobacteriaceae family. Last, carnosine synthase produces anserine from substrates beta-alanine and 3-methylhistidine (both higher in IBS, Figure 4d), whereas beta-alanine-histidine dipeptidase catalyzes the reverse reaction (Figure 4e). Homo sapiens, HC-associated Aeromonadaceae, Clostridiaceae, Mycobacteriaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Campylobacteraceae and Propionibacteriaceae, and IBS-associated Alteromonadaceae and Burkholderiaceae microbial families all have both of these enzymes.