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Order Blubervirales: Core Protein
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
In order to reduce the HBc antigenicity, which could hamper clinical applications, the HBc VLPs were shielded with an amine-functionalized hydrophilic biodegradable polymer, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx-NH2) was synthesized using the living cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) technique and covalently conjugated to the protruding spikes of the HBc VLPs via carboxyl groups (Fam et al. 2019)
Application of Bioresponsive Polymers in Gene Delivery
Published in Deepa H. Patel, Bioresponsive Polymers, 2020
Tamgue Serges William, Drashti Pathak, Deepa H. Patel
Gaspar et al. [43] have synthesized a bioreducible PLA-PEI-SS triblock copolymer micelles for minicircle DNA and doxorubicin (DOX) co-delivery which is based on a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-poly(L-lactide) grafted with bioreducible polyethyleneimine (PEOz-PLA-g-PEI-SS). The micelles have shown high gene expression compared with non-bioreducible carriers in vitro into tumor spheroids models. The co-delivery of mcDNA-Dox to B16F10-Lucif-erase tumor-bearing mice resulted in a reduction in tumor volume and cancer cell viability. That suggests the triblock copolymer as a promising tool for an efficient protection and co-delivery of DNA minicircles (mcDNA) and DOX, even if there is some cytotoxicity problem remaining [43].
Ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes regulate tumor microenvironment for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Linan Miao, Hao Ma, Tingjun Dong, Chengcheng Zhao, Tingyu Gao, Tianyi Wu, Huan Xu, Jing Zhang
G-Rg3 (Purity > 98%) was purchased from Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine Development Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Cholesterol, N.N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodimide (DCC), and folic acid were provided by Biosharp (Guangzhou, China). Soy Lecithin (SPC) was purchased from Shanghai Advanced Vehicle Technology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cholesteryl chloroformate (CHMC) was obtained from Pure Reagent Co., Ltd. (Kuming, China). 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) was provided by Covalent Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). N-Boc-ethanolamine was purchased from Bailingwei Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). 4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride, Dichloromethane (DCM) was obtained from Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EOz), acetonitrile, and methanol (Chromatographically pure) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). FPC, PEOz-CHMC (the molecular weight (MW) of PEOz is 2 kDa) was synthesized in our laboratory. The remaining reagents are of analytical grade.
Multi-sensitive curcumin-loaded nanomicelle based on ABC-CBA block copolymer for sustained drug delivery
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Marzieh Kazemi, Mohsen Ashjari, Masoomeh Nazarabi
2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline (99%, Aldrich) and ε-caprolactone (99%, Aldrich) were purified by vacuum distillation over calcium hydride. Monomethyl ether polyethylene glycol (CH3O-PEG, Mn = 2000, Fluka) was dried by azeotropic distillation of toluene. Para-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl, 99%, Fluka) was purified by recrystallization from ether. Dichloromethane (DCM), triethylamine (99%, Alfa Aesar), and chloroform were dried by refluxing over CaH2 and distilled under an argon atmosphere before use. Acetonitrile (99.8% Sigma Aldrich) was used after distillation over P2O5. Tin (II)-2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2, 99%, Aldrich), cystamine dihydrochloride (>98%, Aldrich) and potassium hydroxide, anhydrous methanol and diethyl ether were used as received. HDF (human demal fibroblast type 4, cell culture medium), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium [MTS], were provided by Royan Research Institue Cell Bank, Tehran, Iran. Pyrene (99%), dl-dithiothreitol (DTT, which was utilized in lieu of GSH in this study), Dulbecco’s modified eagle media (DMEM) growth media, fetal bovine serum (FBS), Curcumin was provided from Merck, Germany and all other solvents were used without a further purification. Deionized water was used in all our experiments.
Responsive polymer conjugates for drug delivery applications: recent advances in bioconjugation methodologies
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2019
Daniel Cristian Ferreira Soares, Caroline Mari Ramos Oda, Liziane Oliveira Fonseca Monteiro, Andre Luis Branco de Barros, Marli Luiza Tebaldi
Another interesting class of the thermo-responsive polymers is the PIPOX with short side chains (C2 and C3), which exhibit an LCST in aqueous solution close to the human body temperature (about 36 C). The LCST of PIPOX is dependent on molar mass and on the size of its chains [126]. Thus, the solution proprieties can be tuned by varying the size-chain (hydrophilic-hydrophobic) of the 2-oxazoline monomer and by copolymerisation of different monomers. PIPOXs are regarded as pseudo-peptides – so-called ‘bioinspired polymers’ due to their structural relationship to polypeptides. PIPOXs are tertiary polyamines and normally have no chiral centre like polypeptides in the main chain. However, by substituting the R group, chirality can be introduced to PIPOX, thus opening the significant possibility of producing bio-mimetic ‘smart’ materials [126–128]. Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (Figure 9, R = ethyl) is classified as non-toxic and biocompatible. It has been approved as a food additive by the FDA, making it an ideal candidate for biomedical applications. Figure 9 illustrates the living cationic ring-opening polymerisation to form poly(2-oxazolines).