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Marine-Based Carbohydrates as a Valuable Resource for Nutraceuticals and Biotechnological Application
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Rajni Kumari, V. Vivekanand, Nidhi Pareek
Nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size have attracted attention for pertinent advantages over chemically synthesized and biomaterials (McClean et al., 1998). But biomaterials offer suitable and viable routes in clinical application because of their versatile characteristics such as biodegradability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and easy production. Many factors are responsible for the creation of pivotal scores in the preparation and selection of nanoparticles, such as size, surface charge, morphology, stability, cytotoxicity, and the rate at which loaded molecules are released. Biopolymer nanoparticles are mainly divided into two classes: polysaccharides and protein biopolymers. Polysaccharide nanoparticles include chitosan, dextran, alginate, pollunan, hyaluronic acid, and heparin (Saravanakumar et al., 2012). These biopolymer nanoparticles are typically used for drug delivery and treating diabetes, cancer, allergy, and inflammation (Jacob et al., 2018).
Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Biomaterials are inert substance or combination of substances greatly used for implantations. It may be used with a living system to support or replace functions of living tissues or organs. Biomaterials can be even metals, ceramics, natural or synthetic polymers, and composites. Biomaterials [59] can be natural or manmade, which can make the whole part of a living structure. These biomedical devices can perform, augment, or replaces a natural function. This material should have biocompatibility which decides whether the material is suitable for exposure to the body or bodily fluids. It shows its ability to perform and give a proper response in the biological environment. If these materials placed inside the body will allow the body to function normally without creating any complications then these materials are said to be biocompatible. Some of them may cause an allergic reaction to the body once it comes in contact with body fluids. Polymers are the most promising and largest class of biomaterials. It is proved by their widespread use in various medical applications. There is a large number of polymeric biomaterials developed and developments are continuing as of its popularity. The polymer can be synthesized with a wide range of properties and functionality. This becomes the key to the success of polymer-based biomaterials and the ease coupled with low cost.
Conjugation of Polymers with Biomolecules and Polymeric Vaccine Development Technologies
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
Biomaterials have evolved from crude wooden prostheses dating back millennia (Huebsch and Mooney 2009). Today, biomaterials are used for cell delivery, drug delivery, microcapsules, and 3D-printing. Polymeric biomaterials are generally described as very useful materials offering many advantages in biomedical, medical, and biology fields (Mann et al. 2018). Biomaterials are of two types: synthetic and natural polymers; lipids, self-assembled nanostructures, and engineered artificial cells offer unique features. Biomaterials offer benefits: control over the loading and release kinetics of multiple immune cargoes, and protection from enzymatic degradation and extreme pH. Moreover, biomaterials can be conjugated with antibodies or receptor ligands to contribute the molecular-specific target to immune cells or membrane proteins/genes. This feature can be exploited to reduce systemic and local toxicity.
Biomaterials-assisted construction of neoantigen vaccines for personalized cancer immunotherapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Biomaterials are a type of natural or synthetic materials specialized for diverse biomedical application purposes [11]. To date, a large variety of biomaterials including small nanoscale biomaterials, injectable hydrogels, macroscopic implants, and many others have been successfully prepared to benefit the theranostics of diverse diseases [12]. It has been shown that they could not only be explored to endow controllable loading and release of various payloads by utilizing their hierarchical porous structures at microscopic levels but also modulate the microenvironment of lesions by utilizing their intrinsic physiochemical properties [13]. For instances, various subtypes of biomaterials recently have been employed to construct different cancer vaccines as they could enable prolonged retention of both antigens and immunostimulatory agonists at injection sites as well as facilitate their cellular uptake and subsequent cross-presentation, which are prerequisites to elicit potent antitumor immune response [14–16]. Additionally, some innovative biomaterials with intrinsic immunomodulating functions have recently been prepared to endow effective cancer vaccination without the need of other immune adjuvants [17–19].
Analytical review on the biocompatibility of surface-treated Ti-alloys for joint replacement applications
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Several implant materials have been employed in different orthopedic applications in medical science. Common biomaterials include metal alloys, ceramics, and polymers for a particular application. Among all, the most popular biomaterials are Ti alloys. Ti-based biomaterials are the main research focus in the medical field as bone implant materials, providing high strength and good biocompatibility. Therefore, new research modifications in orthopedic applications, like joint prostheses and internal fixations, would be achieved by the chemical modification of Ti alloys. This paper reviews the Ti alloys in orthopedic applications, such as total joint replacement, and their advantages and limitations. Its physical, chemical and biological properties are studied as orthopedic implants to guarantee safe and effective use. Ti-alloys’ biocompatibility is mainly achieved by enhanced corrosion resistance, improved cell growth, and good implant-bone integration. For proper biocompatibility measurement of Ti-alloys, it is essential to achieve good corrosion resistance by surface treatment. Many surface treatment investigations have been performed in the last few years. Compared to other metals, Ti alloys have an excellent elastic modulus that meets the requirement for joint replacements, such as total hip replacement.
Light mediated drug delivery systems: a review
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Their ability to degrade inside the human body and tuneable mechanical, biological, physical, and chemical properties has raised the importance of natural polymers for use in DDS's. Although synthetic polymers have better physical and mechanical properties, natural polymers have the edge due to their biodegradable and biocompatible properties. The biodegradability of polymers emphasises the decomposition of material via living microorganisms through either enzymatic or hydrolytic mechanisms. At the same time, the material is biocompatible when it is not toxic and has no adverse effects on the human body. Biocompatibility is essential when being used for in vivo studies. Biomaterials are widely used for drug delivery systems due to their familiarity with surrounding tissue and their ability to respond to chemical indications from malignant tissues.