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Occlusion vs. Contact Dermatitis *
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Angelova-Fischer et al.41 studied the cumulative effects of n-propanol concentrations in healthy individuals and those with atopic dermatitis (AD). The study consisted of healthy adults and AD adults who were exposed to n-propanol concentrations ranging from 30% to 75%. Measurements of erythema, TEWL, capacitance, and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) levels were measured at baseline and after 96 h. The results showed that even at the lowest concentrations, n-propanol still had a significant barrier-damaging effect. With respect to NMF levels, exposure to all concentrations of n-propanol significantly reduced NMF levels. Prior exposure to low-grade trauma (occlusion/water exposure) before n-propanol reduced the skin irritation threshold in both healthy and AD groups. Finally, there were significant differences in the severity of barrier function impairment after exposure to the same concentration of n-propanol between the two groups.
Anorectal malformations: The newborn period
Published in Alejandra Vilanova-Sánchez, Marc A. Levitt, Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, 2020
Sabine Sarnacki, Sebastian King, Wilfried Krois
Hemangiomas may regress spontaneously but generally do so very slowly. Treatment with nonselective β-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent (e.g., Propanol®) is currently the rule (after appropriate work-up) which allows for rapid involution within a few months [6]. ARM repair is performed when complete regression is achieved.
Chemical Modulation of Topical and Transdermal Permeation
Published in Marc B. Brown, Adrian C. Williams, The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development, 2019
Marc B. Brown, Adrian C. Williams
Ethanol and other small alcohols such as propanol (isopropyl alcohol) are used in many transdermal and topical formulations, often as a solvent in the production of patches and in pharmaceutical and personal care (e.g., sunscreen) hydroalcoholic gels. As is the case with water, small alcohols such as ethanol permeate rapidly through human skin, with ethanol giving a steady-state flux of approximately 1 mg/cm2/h. However, as a solvent, high concentrations of ethanol in the vehicle can extract lipids from stratum corneum membranes – and especially from more fragile animal tissue that may be used for in vitro permeation studies such as the hairless mouse.
Device profile of exAblate Neuro 4000, the leading system for brain magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound technology: an overview of its safety and efficacy in the treatment of medically refractory essential tremor
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Ayesha Jameel, Peter Bain, Dipankar Nandi, Brynmor Jones, Wladyslaw Gedroyc
Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder worldwide [10] it affects approximately 1 million people in the UK [11] and 7 million in the USA [12]. The onset of ET is bimodal with two peaks of incidence at 15–20 years and 50–77 years [13]. Tremor itself is a rhythmic oscillatory movement and can be seen in many neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis. Essential Tremor (ET) is an isolated tremor condition where patients suffer from a postural and or kinetic tremor in the arms [14]. The severity of the upper limb tremor is often asymmetric, and it can spread to affect other parts of the body, for example the legs, body, and voice. [14] ET is a naturally progressive disorder and whilst medication such as propanol can offer some relief to patients with mild to moderate disease, a significant proportion of patient have medication refractory ET [15].
Nicotine does not affect stem cell properties requisite for suicide gene therapy against glioma
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Hiroaki Kenmochi, Tomohiro Yamasaki, Shinichiro Koizumi, Tetsuro Sameshima, Hiroki Namba
First of all, we determined the nicotine concentrations that were not toxic for iPS-NSCs, DPSCs, and glioma cells by MTT assay [17]. Culture cells were dissociated and centrifuged with 1,000 rpm for 5 min. Then, cellular pellets were diluted with medium for each cell lines. Cells (iPS-NSCs; 6 × 104, DPSCs; 2 × 104, glioma cells; 4 × 104 to measure absorbance of formazan stably) were seeded in a 96-well cell-culture plate in medium for each cell line for 24 h. Then, medium was totally replaced to DMEM without FBS, and nicotine was added to treatment wells ranging from 1.0 × 10−8 mol/L (M) to 3.0 × 10−4 M, followed by incubation for another 24 h. MTT was added to all wells and plate was incubated for 2.5 h at 37°C under 5% CO2. After incubation, medium was removed carefully, and formazan deposition was diluted by 2-propanol mixed with 0.4% HCl. Absorbance from 570 nm wavelength was detected by microplate reader (Synergy HT; BioTek Instruments, VT, USA) and cellular viability was calculated by dividing absorbance of treatment well with that of control well. Absorbance at 650 nm was used as reference if necessary. Experiments were triplicated and data were shown by average with standard error of the mean (SEM).
Enhanced sensitivity and efficiency of detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on modified magnetic nanoparticles by photometric systems
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Ebrahim Naderlou, Mojtaba Salouti, Bahram Amini, Ali Amini, Asghar Narmani, Ahmad Jalilvand, Reza Shahbazi, Saeid Zabihian
MNPs were prepared by alkaline co-precipitation of ferric chloride hexahydrates (FeCl3·6H2O) and ferrous chloride tetra hydrated (FeCl2·4H2O) in an aqueous solution. Briefly, 1.6 g FeCl3·6H2O and 0.8 g FeCl2·4H2O were mixed on a shaker at 80 °C. Ethanol and propanol (4 mL) were added to the mixture reaction. The reaction continued at 80 °C for 30–45 min. When the yellow colour of the solution changed to brown, hydroxide ammonia (NH3OH, 25%, 15 mL) was added to the reaction mixture through dripping to regulate the pH on 8–9 [3,19,21]. When the formed black precipitated, the mixture reaction was shaken at 80 °C for 2–3 h, and then washed three times (Figure 1(A)).