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Prosopis Cineraria (Khejri): Ethanopharmacology and Phytochemistry
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, Manas Mathur, Rakesh Kumar Prajapat, Sunil Kumar Nagar, Kulveer Singh, Fahad Khan, Pratibha Pandey, Mohammad Mustufa Khan
Yadav et al. (2018) reported that due to adequate amount of phenolic rich ointment which is used in wound healing the plant possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. They reported that butanol extracts possessed noteworthy in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy.
Phytolacca dodecandra (African Soapberry) and Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
K. Meenakshi, Mansi Shah, Indu Anna George
Lemma (1965) stated that the leaves, stem, and bark of the male plant possess higher molluscicidal activity than the female plant, and their potency did not vary with the seasons. The potency of the n-butanol extract was 7–10 times the potency of the aqueous extract. He also observed no change in the molluscicidal property of the arabe and ahiyo varieties of endod berries. The storage stability, checked at regular intervals of six months revealed that the molluscicidal potency of whole and powdered berries remained unchanged even after extended storage up to four years at room temperature (22°C).
Visualization of Cholinergic Tracers in Alzheimer Brains in vivo by Positron Emission Tomography
Published in Robert E. Becker, Ezio Giacobini, Alzheimer Disease, 2020
Agneta Nordberg, Per Hartvig, Hans Lundqvist, Andres Lilja, Matti Viitanen, Kaarina Amberla, J. Ulin, Bengt Winbald, Bengt Bengt Långström
The patients also underwent PET studies using 11C-butanol as a marker for cerebral blood flow (Herscovitch et al. 1987). The 11C-butanol peaked within 1-2 min following intravenous injection in the brain and was more quickly eliminated from the brain in comparison to both (+) and (-) 11C-nicotine. The uptake of 11C-butanol in an Alzheimer patient is illustrated in Figure 2 where a markedly lower uptake of 11C-butanol was observed in the cortical areas compared to the thalamus. The time course for the elimination of 11C-butanol was also less steep in the frontal, temporal cortex compared to the thalamus. No significant difference in the regional distribution of 11C-butanol was observed in the control subjects. Since the time courses for both (+) and (-) 11C-nicotine differ from 11C-butanol in both control and Alzheimer brains (Figure 3) it might indicate that 11C-nicotine at least partly has a specific binding profile. The finding of a lower uptake of especially (+) 11C-nicotine in cortical areas in Alzheimer brains may also indicate changes in nicotinic receptor properties (Figure 1, 3). A shift in the proportion of high affinity nicotinic binding sites to low affinity sites with a concomitant decrease in affinity has recently been observed in postmortem brain tissue from Alzheimer patients (Nordberg et al. 1988).
Imidazopyridine-fused [1,3]diazepinones: modulations of positions 2 to 4 and their impacts on the anti-melanoma activity
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Paul Le Baccon-Sollier, Yohan Malki, Morgane Maye, Lamiaa M. A. Ali, Laure Lichon, Pierre Cuq, Laure-Anaïs Vincent, Nicolas Masurier
For other derivatives, diamines 3a-i, as trifluoroacetate salts, were directly reacted successively with a set of aldehydes with potassium carbonate and iodine at 70 °C overnight. Initially, tert-butanol was used as the solvent. However, we found that tetrahydrofurane (THF) gave the same results and as it is easier to remove, this solvent was preferred for the cyclisation step. Pyrido-imidazodiazepinones 5–13 and 15–20 were finally isolated in 8–98% yield, after purification by chromatography on alumina gel. The introduction of a chiral center alpha to the carbonyl group might lead to partial racemization. However, using chiral HPLC analysis, we previously demonstrated that no epimerization occured during the synthesis of diazepine derivatives13.
Biochemical, hematological, and hormonal profile of rats orally administered methanol stem bark extract of Napoleona vogelii Hook and Planch (Lecythidaceae)
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2019
Victor Olabowale Ikumawoyi, Esther Oluwatoyin Agbaje, Olufunsho Awodele, Akinwumi Akinyinka Akinyede
The method of Obdoni and Ochuko (2001) was employed. The samples were ground and 20 g of each was put into a conical flask and 100 cm3 of 20% of aqueous ethanol was added. The samples were heated over a hot water bath for 4 h with continuous stirring at approximately 55 °C. The mixture was filtered and the residue re-extracted with another 200 ml of 20% of ethanol. The combined extracts were reduced to 40 ml over water bath at approximately 90 °C. The concentrate was transferred into a 250 ml separatory funnel and 20 ml of diethyl ether was added and shaken vigorously. The aqueous layer was recovered while the ether layer was discarded. The purification process was repeated. Sixty milliliter of n-butanol was added. The combined n-butanol extracts were washed twice with 10 ml of 5% of aqueous sodium chloride. The remaining solution was heated in a water bath. After evaporation the samples were dried in the oven to a constant weight and the saponin content was calculated.
Upregulation of CD4+ T-Lymphocytes by Isomeric Mixture of Quercetin-3-O-Rutinoside and Quercetin-3-O-Robinobioside Isolated from Millettia aboensis
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2018
Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku, Peter Achunike Akah, Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe, Sunday Odunke Nduka, Uduma Eke Osonwa, Festus Basden Chinedu Okoye
Polyphenols from different sources have been shown to upregulate immune function through modulation of gene expression of factors that play key roles in activation and differentiation of cell types involved in immune function (Cuevas et al., 2013). Also, adjuvant activity of phenolic compounds has been demonstrated to be by both increases in cellular and humoral immune responses (Fischer et al., 2010). The presence of polyphenols alone may not completely explain the differential immunomodulatory activities of the fractions since these compounds were more abundant in ethyl acetate fraction compared with butanol fraction. Additive or synergistic contributions of other phytocompounds in butanol fraction may explain higher immune-stimulating activity of this fraction relative to the ethyl acetate fraction. Alternatively, based on the phenolic compounds; the nature, type and class of phenolic compounds which differentially distributed in these solvents of varying polarities may account for the higher activity exhibited by butanol fraction.