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Every Child and Adolescent, Everywhere
Published in Vincent La Placa, Julia Morgan, Social Science Perspectives on Global Public Health, 2023
Abidemi Okechukwu, Babasola O. Okusanya, John Ehiri
Challenges that impact children’s and adolescents’ health, such as globalisation, inequities in access to resources, violence, and the effects of climate change on communities, threaten the safety and survival of children and adolescents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Ensuring the rights of children to protection and safety, and access to intermediary determinants of health, will promote health and wellbeing (Goldhagen et al., 2020). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) recognises that a child needs special safeguards including ’appropriate legal protections’ that provide a framework that will improve the living conditions of children across countries (OHCHR, 1989). A Rights-Based Approach to health is grounded on the principles of social justice and health equity, where structural determinants of health can be optimised at a public health scale, to improve health and outcomes for children and adolescents. Adolescents face unique health problems and bear a significant burden of disease from unplanned pregnancy, teenage childbirth, unsafe abortion, female genital mutilation, and sexually transmitted diseases (Chandra-Mouli et al., 2015). Risk and vulnerabilities mostly originate from biological differences and inequities that are driven by the SDOH. Adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health rights provide a benchmark for minimum investments in adolescent health.
Lung Cancer (a) Diagnosis and Causes, Smoking Habits, etc.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
In the UK it is estimated that only one-third of the adult population now smoke (as compared with 70% of men and 50% of women in 1958), and it is becoming anti-social to do so. The real worry is with teenagers from "peer pressure", the generally "permissive society" or a natural teenager's " feeling of rebellion". It was hoped that those who do so will soon desist, but in 1997 among 15 yr olds, 28% of boys and 33% of girls had become regular smokers (BMJ, 315, 144). Women also appear to be developing more oat cell tumours.
Nutrition in the Older Child
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Sarah Lowry, Jenifer Thompson, Ann O’Shea Scheimann
The overall goal of adequate nutrition is to achieve appropriate weight gain throughout childhood, followed by maintenance of an ideal weight to support normal growth and development at the end of adolescence. Children grow through all stages of development, with 60% of their total weight gain and height completed prior to the last stage of puberty during their teenage years. Dietary intake of food and beverages provides macronutrients and micronutrients that are vital for all cells and processes within the body.
The Associations between Self-Silencing and Delinquency in Adolescent Who Experienced Child Sexual Abuse
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2023
Élizabeth Hébert, Laurie Fortin, Andréanne Fortin, Alison Paradis, Martine Hébert
Adolescence is a critical developmental period that entails several challenges for teenagers (e.g., family disagreements, first romantic relationships, and identity formation) and has implications for their future. For instance, a better behavioral adjustment in adolescence has been associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms later in life (Flynn et al., 2015). It is essential to identify factors impeding adolescents’ optimal functioning in order to inform intervention initiatives; investigating adolescent delinquency is key in this regard (Gray & Squeglia, 2018; Jung et al., 2020). Delinquency tends to emerge in adolescence, peaking during the mid to late teenage years and then declining, which makes adolescence a crucial period for delinquency prevention (Loeber & Farrington, 2014).
Facilitators and barriers of mental health help-seeking behaviours among adolescents in Oman: a cross-sectional study
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2022
Omar Al Omari, Atika Khalaf, Sulaiman Al Sabei, Iman Al Hashmi, Mohammad Al Qadire, Mickael Joseph, Jalal Damra
One should not forget that the widespread availability of online information and the increased use of internet sources might be an alternative to the existing professional mental help services. Studies conducted on this type of help-seeking behaviour among young people showed high satisfaction rates [58]. However, not all the available information is reliable, and a lot of mental health problems cannot be solved through self-paced online resources, although e-health resources could be a useful supplement to the existing traditional mental health services. Web-based programmes are not only promising in delivering digital assessment methods [59], they are also effective with therapeutic and supportive approaches [60] and may result in a high degree of satisfaction [61]. Online support, with its proven cost-effectiveness [62,63], availability, and proximity to the daily internet behaviours of adolescents, might be a beneficial alternative or complement to existing programmes. Mental health professionals could also provide essential online services and help to ensure easy access to reliable statistics regarding frequent mental health illnesses among teenagers to design better and more focused interventions.
Grassroots collaborations to address the trauma of suicide: Establishing the first suicide prevention lifeline in the republic of Armenia
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2022
A. Kalayjian, K. Huang, S. Sabbour, M. Yasin
Suicide continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide (McLoughlin et al., 2015). Suicidal behavior includes suicidal ideations, plans, or attempts, which can all contribute to risk for complications and subsequent attempts (Stein et al., 2010). It has become a major public health concern for adolescents, with it being the second leading cause of mortality in the U.S. for teenagers between 15 and 19 years of age (Ahmed et al., 2017). Across New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, a similar pattern of high suicidality has been found among indigenous youth (McLoughlin et al., 2015). Risk factors for suicide in both developed and developing countries include female sex, younger age, lower education level, lower-income, unmarried status, unemployment, and adverse childhood experiences (Borges et al., 2010). Individuals with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other co-morbid health conditions are also at higher risk for suicide and other poor health outcomes (Collins et al., 2013). The World Health Organization recognizes suicide as a critical public health issue internationally, with the goal to develop national suicide prevention strategies including lifelines (Naghavi, 2018).