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Deception and Adolescents
Published in Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier, Detecting Malingering and Deception, 2020
Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier
The target behaviors of deception for the adolescent are intertwined with the developmental hurdles of pubescence and beyond. The adolescent’s struggle to achieve and nurture a healthy self-esteem has been described as one prominent factor in the adolescent’s use of deception (Lowenstein, 1994). Kashy and DePaulo (1996) reported that undergraduates who told more lies were manipulative and more concerned with social presentation. Those who told fewer lies were more highly socialized and reported higher quality same-sex relationships. A study by Newton and Duda (1993) examined the self-perceived causes of success by adolescents. In response to inquiries about being successful in tennis, both male and females coupled strong ego orientation with success. This was especially true for the males; the female subjects cited the coincident need to de-emphasize external factors to include specifically deceptive tactics.
Structure and Function of Human Skin
Published in Marc B. Brown, Adrian C. Williams, The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development, 2019
Marc B. Brown, Adrian C. Williams
For example, acne is estimated to affect 9.4% of the global population (Tan and Bhate, 2015), most commonly in post-pubescent teens, though it also persists into adulthood. Simplistically, acne occurs when hair follicles and their associated sebaceous gland are obstructed with sebum and/or dead keratinocytes. This blockage appears as a “blackhead”. When the follicular opening contains the normal skin anaerobe, Propionibacterium acnes, lipases from the bacterium can metabolise sebum triglycerides into free fatty acids, which irritate the follicular wall and form pustules, or “whiteheads”, often with inflammation of the surrounding tissue. Since sebum production is under androgenic control, hormonal changes through puberty tend to initiate acne, and genome-wide association studies suggest that androgen metabolism regulating genes can increase susceptibility to acne; genetic variation in P. acnes may also be a factor. There is some evidence that the stratum corneum barrier is inherently impaired in patients with acne vulgaris (Yamamoto et al., 1995), with decreased levels of free sphingosine and ceramides in the stratum corneum of acne-prone individuals. These changes correlated with an increase in transepidermal water loss and decreased SC hydration (measured by conductance) for patients with moderate acne when compared to those with a mild version of the condition.
Two types of paedophile and their typical characteristics
Published in Adrian Powell, Paedophiles, Child Abuse and the Internet, 2018
As paedophilia is not an illness but a generic sexual orientation, it is present throughout the paedophile’s life. When a young male or female passes through puberty, he or she will develop both physically and psychologically. Psychologically, males and females develop an interest in the adult characteristics of members of the same or opposite sex. Paedophiles will, of course, develop an interest in other children. Pubescent and pre-pubescent children will have a desire to ‘play’ with the genitals of other children – in many cases, this is a cousin or younger sibling. Their sexual interest in pubescent and/or pre-pubescent children does not diminish and is carried with them throughout their lives.
Construct validity of percentage of predicted adult height and BAUS skeletal age to assess biological maturity in academy soccer
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2021
Ludwig Ruf, Sean Cumming, Sascha Härtel, Anne Hecksteden, Barry Drust, Tim Meyer
In total, a convenience sample of 114 male youth soccer players (age: 14.2 ± 1.7 years, standing height: 166.3 ± 13.0 cm, body mass: 57.4 ± 14.5 kg, of European ancestry n = 95, African n = 10, Middle Eastern n = 9) from an accredited elite youth soccer academy in Germany agreed to participate in this study. Players were selected by the academy based on current sport-specific qualities and future potential in terms of technical, tactical, social and physical skills. Participants were selected from the Under 12 (U12) to U17 age groups as these age groups included players from different stages of biological maturity (i.e. pre-pubescent; pubescent, post-pubescent). This sample is representative of adolescent athletes involved in youth sports as previous research indicated advanced maturity levels across several other sports, consistent with data in youth soccer (Malina 2011). Data were collected before training sessions over the course of four weeks during the first half of the season as part of the regular anthropometry assessment (October/November 2019). Upon enrolment of each player, parents/guardians signed contracts providing consent and assent confirming that data arising as a condition of regular player monitoring procedures can be used for research purposes. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee and was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.
The effect of preconceptional exposure of F0 male mice to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on the induction of reproductive toxicity in F2 generation
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2019
Małgorzata M. Dobrzyńska, Ewa J. Tyrkiel
The effect of DEHP and other phthalates on the male gametes and reproduction ability of exposed males and on the F1 offspring exposed pre- and perinatally is well described. DEHP has antiandrogenic properties and is suspected to be responsible for endocrine disruptor like effects (Mylchreest et al.1998). DEHP is known reproductive and developmental toxicant in animals, especially in males. Exposure to this phthalate causes reduction of testosterone and sperm production, reduction in testis and epididymes weights, and pathological effects in the testis (Arcadi et al.1998, Gray et al. 2000, Moore et al.2001, ATSDR 2002, Kavlock et al.2002, Dobrzyńska et al.2007, 2012). Unfortunately, the influence of DEHP on the further generations are rather unknown. Therefore, we decided to check the effect of male exposure on the following generations. We decided to study in this paper the effects of exposure mature and pubescent F0 male mice to DEHP by whole cycle of spermatogenesis on the prenatal development of the offspring F2 generation, including induction of dominant lethal mutations, and compare the F2 fetuses condition with the quantity and quality of gametes F1 males. The effect of the age of exposed F0 males (pubescent or adults) was also taken into consideration.
Evading Detection: What Do We Know about Men Charged with Extrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse following Delayed Detection?
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2022
Samuel J. Nicol, Danielle A. Harris, James Ogilvie, Mark R. Kebbell, Cameron Craig, Raymond Knight
This study also indicates that a pedophilia diagnosis was present for all the participants. Participants demonstrated longevity in their offending, multiple victimization, predominantly on pre-pubescent and male children. These are all strong indicators of pedophilia (Seto et al., 2017). Much of the recidivism literature associates sexual deviance and antisocial orientation with further sexual offending (Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005; Seto, 2019). The sexual interest in pre-pubescent children alone does not necessarily result in CSA, but when coupled with impulsive, risk-taking tendencies and a lack of self-control, CSA becomes more likely (Seto, 2019). Despite the important correlation between pedophilia and CSA, many CSOs do not meet a pedophilic diagnosis (Seto, 2019), but commit CSA for a range of other reasons (Beech & Craig, 2012; Finkelhor, 1984). The present findings suggest that whilst pedophilia is commonly observed amongst CSOs with MVDD, antisocial indicators are not. Participants specialized in their sexual offending, with little or no indicators of substance abuse. This is an important finding because it may be that general antisociality is much more prevalent amongst those caught frequently for their crimes, as opposed to those able to evade detection for longer periods. Whilst more quantitative research is required before drawing firm conclusions, the findings from this study provide an important precursor to such research. Additionally, further ‘dark triad’ personality features (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and psychopathy) may be important to consider aside from antisocial personality characteristics (Paulhus & Williams, 2002).