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Adolescents With Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) view adolescent development in two stages, with the first stage including youth between the ages of 12 and 14 and the second stage between 15 and 17 years old (CDC.gov). Developmental milestones during the first stage of adolescence begin with hormonal changes as puberty starts with physical changes in appearance. Boys’ voices beginning to deepen, and both facial and pubic hair grow. Girls tend to grow pubic hair, develop breasts, and begin having menses. Growth patterns can be erratic as girls tend to grow height in measured routine incremental patterns while boys can grow taller in spurts, which may be slower or faster depending on each individual’s genetics and overall physical health. These physical changes can be problematic for some youth as they are concerned with their appearance being acceptable to peers, which can lead to anxiety, dysregulated moods, and maladaptive behaviors like eating disorders and engaging in substance use to attempt to fit in with peers. Adolescent perspectives of closeness and relationships change as they tend to develop more intense relationships with peers and spend less time with parents. When youth feel they are not acceptable to peers, especially if they’re bullied, these issues can become worse, leading to co-occurring disorders and suicidal ideation.
Young key populations in Southern Africa
Published in Kaymarlin Govender, Nana K. Poku, Preventing HIV Among Young People in Southern and Eastern Africa, 2020
Jane Freedman, Tamaryn L. Crankshaw, Carolien Aantjes, Russell Armstrong, Nana K. Poku
Adolescence is a life phase in which rapid physical maturation and psychological and cognitive change takes place, with adolescent development fundamentally impacted by their structural and social environments. Differential exposure to these environments has the potential to positively or negatively shape adolescent health and psychological well-being, with strong associations between socio-economic status and health behaviours and concomitant long-term outcomes (Fatusi and Hindin, 2010; Sawyer et al., 2012). Young people who are also members of key populations (KP)3 are one example of young people facing compounded vulnerabilities since they share a number of specific barriers and challenges concerning their SRHR, linked to legal, social and political structures, which undermine their ability to access healthcare (Cornell and Dovel, 2018), and this is reflected in the poor SRH indicators for this group. Given these overlapping and intersectional challenges, there is need to apply a comprehensive framework of analysis which draws on all aspects of their lifestyles and choices, peer groups and networks as well as broader social, economic and political structures. This comprehensive approach is indispensable to efforts to fully understand the challenges these young people face, and to plan and take action on appropriate policy and programmatic interventions to improve their overall health and well-being.
Long-term care management of young people: Substance use and misuse by young people who have long-term conditions
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Helena Gleeson, Janet E. McDonagh
Developing a strong identity with peer groups is a key part of adolescent development and begins in early adolescence. The role of peers influencing YP to choose to use or misuse substances is key because research shows that the perceptions of female adolescents who have medical LTCs about peer norms influenced their use of substances (Kuntz et al., 2014) and YP with ADHD were more likely to have friends who smoked (Kalyva, 2007). In a survey of YP who had cystic fibrosis, being sociable was stated as a reason for smoking behaviours (Verma et al., 2001). In several studies, exposure to friends who smoked was a consistent and powerful social risk factor for smoking progression among adolescents with asthma and more so than among adolescents who did not have asthma (Tercyak, 2006; Guo et al., 2010; Vàzquez-Nava et al., 2010; Kanamori et al., 2015).
Family support and psychological distress among commuter college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Jennifer Parker, Abigail Yacoub, Sahira Mughal, Fadi Mamari
Research that does address family support and mental health status of nonresidential students tends to be situated in a large body of research on adolescent development and the first-year experience.27,37 Gefen and Fish, for instance, examined student stress and family functioning through the framework of adolescent development and transition into college.27 While making a significant contribution to scholarship on the first year experience and the role of family in it, this literature does little to shape our understandings about broader economic shifts, the rising mental health epidemic, and student-family relationships that may be contributing to the college outcomes of nonresidential students. The aim of the present study was to assess whether perceptions of family support among nonresidential students, and key demographic factors commonly studied in the literature on college students, were associated with psychological distress.
Behavioral Measures to Assess Adolescent Sexual Communication with Partners: A Scoping Review and Call for Further Studies
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2023
Anne J. Maheux, Laura Widman, Jeffrey L. Hurst, Elizabeth Craig, Reina Evans-Paulson, Sophia Choukas-Bradley
Sexual communication among adolescents involves a notably different set of processes than among adults. Adolescent development involves rapid change in biological, psychological, cognitive, and social systems (Blakemore & Mills, 2014; Suleiman et al., 2017). These changes facilitate adolescents’ initiation of dating and sexual relationships (e.g., Houser et al., 2015); identity exploration, including sexual orientation and gender identity (Savin-Williams & Diamond, 2000; Steensma et al., 2013); and ability to engage in self-regulation and perspective-taking skills necessary for communication (Steinberg, 2005). However, patterns of brain development make adolescents highly sensitive to social reward, yet with limited ability to make rational decisions during states of affective arousal, such as during sexual activity (Foulkes & Blakemore, 2016; Steinberg, 2007; Van Duijvenvoorde et al., 2010; Victor & Hariri, 2016). Moreover, unlike many adults, adolescents usually have little personal experience communicating with sexual partners.
Peer Educators as Partners in Sexual Health Programming: A Case Study
Published in American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2022
Sonya Panjwani, Whitney R. Garney, Kathy Harms, Sharon Rodine, Kobi M. Ajayi, Shelby C. Lautner, Kelly Wilson
Literature on adolescent development emphasizes the dynamics of the adolescent-peer relationship, as youth spend more time alone and with peers than with caregivers or other adults (Jaccard et al., 2005). The influence of peers can be positive or negative because adolescents often alter their behaviors to reflect the opinions of the peers they admire (Turner & Shepherd, 1999). Peers serve as either formal or informal role models who have considerable power in influencing behavioral decision-making and information dissemination (Norman, 1998). When young people enter adolescence, they begin to develop a self-concept, and questions about gender identity and sexuality become relevant. Adolescents often turn to their peers as sources of information, influencing how they think about and experience aspects of gender identity (Kornienko et al., 2016). Peer influence is especially relevant for sexual behaviors, which involves an interpersonal process (Widman et al., 2016). Previous research shows that adolescents’ perceptions of sexual behaviors among their peers were a robust predictor of their own sexual identity, intentions, and behavior (Buhi & Goodson, 2007).