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Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Ananth Vijendren, Peter Valentine
Information on timing, frequency, and intensity of sound is encoded by the rate, number, location, and timing of auditory nerves firing. For sound localisation, encoding of interaural time differences (for low-frequency sounds) and interaural level differences (high-frequency sounds) in the auditory pathway are important.
Central Auditory Processing: From Diagnosis to Rehabilitation
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Maria Isabel Ramos do Amaral, Leticia Reis Borges, Maria Francisca Colella-Santos
Therefore, efficient analysis and interpretation of auditory information involve several mechanisms necessary for proper speech comprehension. Such processes include the neural mechanisms underlying different auditory abilities, such as sound localization and/or lateralization, discrimination, temporal processing, pattern processing, binaural integration and/or separation, performance in competing, and/or degraded acoustic signals (Bellis, 2003; ASHA, 1996; Chermak and Musiek, 1997).
Perceptual-cognitive development and cognition of movement
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
Sound localization refers to the ability to recognize the direction from which a sound emanates. Sound localization is important for the child’s overall motor development insofar as it allows the child to visually link sounds with their sources and helps the child to establish associations between specific sounds and objects and events within the environment. The ability to localize sounds is enhanced by the child’s ability to select relevant sounds from irrelevant ones (auditory figure-ground). Children continue to improve in sound localization and by age 3 can localize the general direction of distant sounds. Little is known regarding developmental changes in auditory figure-ground in children (Haywood & Getchell, 2014).
National study of hearing preservation rates and outcomes after cochlear implantation in Ireland
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2022
Adrien Gendre, Sarah Quinn, Holly Jones, Justin Hintze, Cristina Simões-Franklin, Peter Walshe, Laura Viani, Fergal Glynn
The concept of hearing preservation was first described in the late 90s, defined as an attempt to preserve residual low frequency hearing (Von Ilberg et al., 1999). Indications for cochlear implantation have continually been widening. With this, more and more patients are displaying preserved low frequency hearing and are deemed candidates for hearing preservation protocols. The technique used in our unit is in keeping with current evidence which includes a round window approach, lateral wall electrode array, slow-insertion speed and perioperative steroids (Snels et al., 2019; Santa Maria et al., 2014; Havenith et al., 2013; Nguyen et al., 2016; Killeen et al., 2021). The advantages of preserving low-frequency hearing includes: better speech discrimination in noise, music perception, improved interpretation of speech features such as emotion, stress and intonation (Schaefer et al., 2021). Schaeffer et al. also suggests that low frequency stimulation could help with interaural difference cues, helping in sound localisation.
Asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss in children: progression and involvement of the contralateral ear
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Sara Baganha, Tatiana Marques, Antonio Miguéis
Hearing aids is the most commonly noninvasive used treatment for SNHL; however, under certain conditions, even well-fit hearing aids may not necessarily improve audibility. Therefore, not only the characteristics of the hearing loss are important but also the technological features of the hearing aid should be adequate. New and advanced hearing devices have been developed in last year’s leading to improved clinical outcomes. However, it seems that as the level of technology increases, more complex and automatic features are included, such as the signal processing and number of channels, the directional microphones, noise reduction algorithms, and acoustic filters, leading to a greater functional gain and benefit for patients [13,14]. Therefore, in advanced feature hearing devices, binaural data streaming and pinna effect stimulation are often included, improving speech perception, decreasing listening effort, and enhancing sound localization through improved recognition of interaural time difference, interaural level difference, and monaural spectra [14,15]. In contrast, basic technology has been often associated to higher risk of nonadherence or poor uptake and usage of hearing aids [13–15].
Sound localization, speech and tone recognition for stimuli presented from the rear in bilateral cochlear implant users
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Yu Zheng, Ning Cong, Na Gao, Fanglu Chi, Yibo Huang, Xianhao Jia, Xinda Xu, Yang-Wenyi Liu, Ying Chen
Children with severe-to-profound hearing loss and/or adults with postlingual deafness, who can obtain scores of up to 55% for open-set phonemes in quiet in the ear to be implanted, are considered candidates for cochlear implantation (Leigh, Dettman, and Dowell 2016a; Leigh et al. 2016b). Previously, individuals were provided with only one cochlear implant (CI) even if they were experiencing severe-to-profound bilateral hearing loss. In order to achieve the goal of bilateral hearing restoration, ear, nose, and throat specialists in Wurzburg, Germany, implanted the bilateral cochlear implants (BCIs) in adults and children in 1996 and 1998, respectively (Lee, Gomez-Marin, and Lee 1996). Subsequently, the auditory performance of individuals with BCIs has been reported in many studies, in particular in terms of the benefit of binaural, as compared to monaural input (Muller, Schon, and Helms 2002; Litovsky et al. 2004). Additionally, sound localisation is one of the repeatedly studied aspects of auditory performances, since the ability to localise sounds correctly is a crucial feature of the auditory system, which is valuable in the presence of noise and reverberation. In such situations, sound localisation can help a listener identify and orient themselves rapidly towards the person speaking in a group conversation. This is particularly important for CI users, because other cues for speaker identity, such as voice pitch, are diminished by CIs (Litovsky et al. 2006).