China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Early cancers of the nasopharynx produce minimal and trivial symptoms. Local features can be divided into nasal, otological, cervical, and neurological findings. Common nasal symptoms are blood-stained nasal discharge, post-nasal drip, obstruction, cacosmia, or a smell of blood.
Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
Published in John W. Dickinson, James H. Hull, Complete Guide to Respiratory Care in Athletes, 2020
There is likely is to be an association between EILO symptoms and other causes of upper airway irritation. If causally linked, these observations may suggest that neural processes may play a role. One can hypothesise within this line of thinking that epithelial barrier function, afferent signalling, efferent signalling, or muscular function may affect the frequency and severity of symptoms. Other potentially relevant factors include gastroesophageal reflux; potentially via its effect as a direct irritant or as a neurologic contributing factor. Post nasal drip has also been hypothesised to contribute.
Respiratory Symptoms
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Jeremy B. Richards, Richard M. Schwartzstein
UACS includes the spectrum of rhinosinus causes of post-nasal drip. From perennial rhinitis to the sequela of upper respiratory infections, UACS encompasses the breadth of diseases that result in posterior nasopharyngeal secretions descending to the larynx, causing an irritating feeling or “tickle” in the throat. Cough due to UACS may be nonproductive or result in small amounts of white sputum; however, UACS due to chronic sinus infections may result in purulent sputum. Typically, the cough worsens when patients assume a supine position to go to sleep, both because of positional worsening of nasal drainage and a greater awareness of the “irritation” in the absence of typical distractions one encounters during the day. Not uncommonly, patients will not be aware of a “drip,” per se, but when questioned about the source of the cough (i.e. where the cough seems to be originating), they will localize it to the throat rather than the chest. Frequent “throat clearing” may be a clue suggestive of UACS. Friends or family members may be more aware of frequent throat clearing than the patient, and frequent throat clearing may be observed during the interview. A history of allergies may be suggestive of UACS due to rhinitis, particularly if there is seasonal variation of cough frequency or severity. However, in most cases, patients are unaware of specific allergens, and skin testing may be necessary if symptoms persist despite treatment.
Chronic cough: Investigations, management, current and future treatments
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2021
I. Satia, M. Wahab, E. Kum, H. Kim, P. Lin, A. Kaplan, P. Hernandez, J. Bourbeau, L. P. Boulet, S. K. Field
UACS broadly encompasses allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (most commonly vasomotor), chronic rhinosinusitis and often presents in patients with a sensation of liquid dripping into the posterior nasopharynx. This is commonly described as post-nasal drip. There is a lack of strong evidence to guide therapy, however, guidelines recommend a trial of first/second generation non-sedating antihistamines (eg, brompheniramine, fexofenadine, bilastine, rupatadine), intranasal steroids, ipratropium and/or decongestants.78–80 The latter should be used with care in patients with hypertension and are not recommended for long-term use. Patients with severe allergic rhinitis may undergo allergen immunotherapy, but its effects on cough have not yet been studied.
Addressing unmet needs for diagnosis and management of chronic cough in the primary care setting
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Peter Kardos, Michael Blaiss, Peter Dicpinigaitis
Upper-airway cough syndrome can be secondary to rhinosinus diseases and has been referred to as ‘postnasal drip syndrome,’ ‘rhinitis,’ and ‘rhinosinusitis’ [2,3]. Guidelines from ERS suggest UACS could be accepted as an etiology of chronic cough by acting as a trigger for cough hypersensitivity [3]. Diagnosis of UACS can be made via sinus imaging, nasopharyngoscopy, allergy evaluation, and/or empiric treatment [2]. As UACS is among the most common etiologies of chronic cough, diagnosis may be feasible in a primary care setting without subspecialty referral. However, it is the authors’ opinion that if advanced diagnostic techniques are needed to provide or confirm diagnosis, diagnosis should be performed by an allergist or an ear, nose, and throat specialist.
Emerging drugs in the treatment of chronic cough
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2023
Danica Brister, Mustafaa Wahab, Moaaz Rashad, Nermin Diab, Martin Kolb, Imran Satia
The combination of nasopharyngeal symptoms and chronic cough is common but whether it forms a distinct entity with a causal association to cough is uncertain. Patients can report symptoms of postnasal drip, sinusitis, and rhinosinusitis. In the 2006 ACCP guideline on cough management, a recommendation was made to trial of a first-generation antihistamine/decongestant in patients suspected of UACS [26]. However, since this publication, few rigorous investigations or therapeutics have been tested leaving the clinical validity of the term unclear. As a result, no recommendations for treatment of UACS are made in the 2020 ERS guidelines, although it is proposed that UACS may be a trigger for cough hypersensitivity [5].