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History Stations
Published in Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Livy Kenyon, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, ENT OSCEs, 2023
Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Livy Kenyon, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar
Most hearing loss in adults will be SNHL with underlying genetic aetiology. Noise-induced hearing loss and presbycusis are also often implicated – consider referral to audiology care for hearing device assessment. Otosclerosis is the commonest cause of progressive hearing loss in young adults and this can be managed with either hearing aids or stapes surgery.
Hearing Loss/Presbycusis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Noise-induced hearing loss from regular activities such as target shooting, snowmobile riding, listening to music at high volume, or attending loud concerts can cause ear damage and hearing loss. The best preventatives are to wear protective earmuffs/ earplugs, avoid loud noises, or to turn down the volume, if possible.3
Recent Advances In Otoacoustic Emissions
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Recreational noise exposure due to personal listening devices and loud music exposure has been the topic of intense study, both for noise-induced hearing loss and for cochlear synaptopathy, also referred to as “hidden hearing loss”. The results of studies have been contradictory with regard to hearing loss in people who frequently use personal listening devices. A systematic review of 26 such studies was recently reported and helps to clarify the overall picture (Jiang et al., 2016). The results of the combined 26 studies showed that about 58% of participants exceeded the recommended 100% daily noise dose, particularly in the presence of background noise. Significant positive correlations were found among background noise levels and mean listening levels, as well as the proportion of participants exceeding the 100% daily noise dose. Moreover, significantly worse hearing thresholds were found in listening device users, and significantly poorer results were also found for OAE levels, even in participants with self-reported “normal hearing.” Thus, it is important that appropriate standards, safety recommendations, and effective educational strategies for daily music exposure dose be developed for hearing protection in order to help raise awareness, increase knowledge, change attitudes, and listening habits.
Whole-exome sequencing for screening noise-induced hearing loss susceptibility genes
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Boya Fan, Gang Wang, Gang Liu, Xiaoli Zhang, Wei Wu
The etiology of noise-induced hearing loss is complex and includes interaction of occupational with environmental noise exposure, drug use, vibration and genetic factors [4]. Cochlear sensory cells and outer hair cells are damaged in NIHL and oxidative stress and excitatory synaptic toxicity are the main pathological mechanisms [12]. Noise-induced hearing loss studies based on genetic changes have been performed in animal models and knockouts of SOD1 -/-, GPX1 -/-, PMCA -/- and CDH23 +/- shown to increase sensitivity to noise [4]. Knockout studies have shown that some genetic defects destroy cochlear structure, increasing inner ear susceptibility to NIHL. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified from epidemiological studies of NIHL susceptibility genes in specific populations with first-generation sequencing at known or specific sites. Many SNP sites in NIHL susceptibility genes have been linked to NIHL, including those in SOD2, KCNQ1, PCDH15 and HSP70 [4]. Such SNP genotypes may make subjects more susceptible to NIHL. Whole-exome sequencing is a high-throughput sequencing method which allows the detection of hundreds of SNPs in a single array, allowing identification of novel NIHL susceptibility genes. Such approaches facilitate an exploration of the genetic basis of NIHL susceptibility, enabling protection measures and personalized treatment.
The α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: a compelling drug target for hearing loss?
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2022
A plethora of drugs have been investigated and/or used in the treatment of noise-induced hearing loss, with different levels of outcomes and, in general, with poor solid evidence to support their use. In this regard, local or systemic steroids are commonly used to address the noise postexposure inner ear inflammatory process [42]. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of steroids has recommended future additional studies with the inclusion of control groups, precise definition of acoustic trauma intensity and duration, and genetic polymorphisms [42]. Since oxidative stress and the release of free radicals in the form of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species take place during noise-induced hearing loss [43,44], antioxidants have been evaluated as a treatment option both in animal models and humans, with contradictory results. These include N-acetylcysteine, ginseng, co-enzyme, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin B12, glutathione, D-methionine, ebselen, and resveratrol [45]. On the other hand, noise exposure leads to hair cell death displaying features of both apoptosis and necrosis as well as necroptosis, a necrotic-like process [45]. Therefore, agents that prevent hair cell apoptosis by disrupting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell death signaling through peptide inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase have been tested [46]. Other compounds such as calcium antagonists, vasodilators, NMDA receptor antagonists, and neurotrophins also have been tested in animal models [45].
Integrating hearing health services for geriatric day care patients: a feasibility study
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2021
Ling Ling Chan, Eddie Chi Ming Wong, Ying Fai Mak, Bradley McPherson
Higher prevalence of hearing loss is often found in males (Hietanen et al., 2005; Stevens et al., 2011; Uchida, Nakashima, Ando, Niino, & Shimokata, 2003). However, there was no statistically significant association between hearing loss and sex in the present study. Educational level has also been associated with the prevalence of hearing loss, where lower educational level increased the likelihood of hearing loss (Hietanen et al., 2005). However, there was no significant association noted in the present study. Occupational noise exposure leads to increased risk of noise induced hearing loss (Ward, Royster, & Royster, 2000). However, occupational noise exposure was not significantly associated with hearing loss in this study. However, age may have masked occupational noise exposure effects. The more major limitations of this study should also be acknowledged. The study sample size was relatively small and the exploration of ‘feasibility’ was limited to prevalence aspects and to gauging willingness of elderly patients to participate in audiometric assessment and intervention. Further research that looks at prevalence in large outpatient clinic groups and explores other aspects of feasibility – such as availability of required health care resources such as audiology services – is warranted.