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GnRH Antagonists in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids
Published in John C. Petrozza, Uterine Fibroids, 2020
Tejumola Adegoke, Shruthi Mahalingaiah
Flierman et al. [34] observed similar results with the use of ganirelix. Nineteen premenopausal women were treated using 2 mg daily, subcutaneous injections for a maximum of 12 weeks (median 19 days). Leiomyoma size and uterine volume were monitored using weekly ultrasound and pre- and post-treatment MRI. Serum LH, FSH, E2 and progesterone were assessed weekly. Treatment was discontinued when a 10% decrease in fibroid or uterine size was detected over four consecutive ultrasound measurements. For 11 subjects over 6 weeks, ultrasound revealed a median 42.7% (14%–77%) decrease in leiomyoma volume and a 46.6% (6.1%–78.6%) decrease in uterine volume. MRI revealed a median 29.2% (35.6%–62.2%) decrease in leiomyoma volume and a 25.2% (28.9%–63.6%) decrease in uterine volume. Six of these subjects noted a reduction in fibroid volume by one-third within 16 days of treatment. Serum LH and E2 levels dropped below limits of detection within 1 week in nearly all subjects. FSH and progesterone levels also remained low throughout treatment. Furthermore, the authors noted that tumor echogenicity changed with treatment. Of note, one patient had an increase in leiomyoma and uterine volume, in spite of decreasing estrogen levels. The most common reported side effects were hot flashes (75%) and headache (45%), though none were reported prior to week 3 of treatment. All participants underwent surgery within 2 weeks of their final dose of ganirelix.
Ultrasonography of the Bovine Reproductive System: Ultrasound Management of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Giovanni Gnemmi, Juan Carlos Gardón, Cristina Maraboli
Hematocele is an accumulation of blood between the leaves of the vaginal tunic. To the ultrasound initially it appears anechogenic, with diverse echogenic points (red blood cells). At an advanced stage, hyper-echogenicity will appear. The cause may be testicular trauma or torsion of the testicles. In the case of bacterial contamination of unhydrocele or hematocele, a piocele may develop, which echographically resembles a snowstorm: an anechoic background with a series of echogenic points (Gnemmi, 2007; Gnemmi and Lefebvre, 2009, 2010).
Imaging of the Thyroid
Published in Madan Laxman Kapre, Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Each nodule is evaluated for its size: Composition: [cystic/almost completely cystic (0), spongiform (0), mixed cystic and solid (1), solid/almost completely solid (2), cannot determine (2)].Echogenicity: [anechoic (0), hyperechoic (1), isoechoic (1), hypoechoic (2), very hypoechoic (3), cannot determine (1)].Shape: [not taller than wide (0), taller than wide (3)].Margins: [smooth (0), ill-defined (0), lobulated/irregular (2), extra-thyroidal extension (3), cannot determine (0)].Echogenic foci: [none (0), large comet tail artifacts (0), macrocalcifications (1), peripheral calcifications (2), punctate echogenic foci (3)].
Histotripsy ablation for the treatment of feline injection site sarcomas: a first-in-cat in vivo feasibility study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Lauren Ruger, Ester Yang, Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott, Elliana Vickers, Jessica Gannon, Marlie Nightengale, Andy Hsueh, Brittany Ciepluch, Nikolaos Dervisis, Eli Vlaisavljevich, Shawna Klahn
Generation of clearly visible cavitation bubble clouds on real-time ultrasound imaging was achieved in all three treatments (Figure 3, column 4). In two of three treatments (Patients #1 and #3), bubble cloud visibility was maintained throughout the length of the treatment; in the third patient (Patient #2), bubble cloud visibility was sometimes lost during treatment, and cavitation activity was monitored using passive cavitation detection (PCD) as described for previous histotripsy studies [10,22,31,32]. Patient #2’s tumor was located on the right flank, and respiratory motion impacting the tumor’s location relative to the histotripsy transducer was noted during treatment, possibly impacting the acoustic window available for histotripsy treatment. No significant changes in the echogenicity of the treated regions were noted on ultrasound imaging after treatment in any of the patients. In all three patients, intermittent-to-sustained pre-focal cavitation at the skin’s surface was observed on ultrasound imaging and/or PCD. Histotripsy treatment details are summarized by the patient in Table 3.
Neuromuscular disorders in women and men with spinal cord injury are associated with changes in muscle and tendon architecture
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023
Larissa Santana, Emerson Fachin-Martins, David Lobato Borges, Jonathan Galvão Tenório Cavalcante, Nicolas Babault, Frederico Ribeiro Neto, João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan, Rita de Cássia Marqueti
In agreement with our initial hypothesis, we found significantly lower RF, VL, VM, and TA thickness in the SCI group. Similar results were observed in studies that used magnetic resonance imaging techniques in individuals with SCI.5,40,41 Following incomplete SCI, six weeks post-injury, thigh CSA was observed to be 33% smaller in the SCI group than controls. After three months, thigh CSA did not change significantly, but intramuscular fat increased by a further 26% in individuals with SCI. It has been reported that adipocytes constitute up to 30% of the area in muscle biopsies after eight to ten years of denervation.4,42 In addition, there is growing interest in mensuration of muscle quality alterations (echogenicity), particularly in the process of muscle disuse.14,43 The increase in echogenicity demonstrated in the present study could be related to the type of musculotendinous involvement that SCI individuals are exposed to, such as prolonged immobility or atrophy caused by disuse, systemic inflammatory response, fat deposition on musculature, and muscle tissue replacement by fibrosis.14,43.
The effect of a fruit-rich diet on liver biomarkers, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Farkhondeh Alami, Mohammad Alizadeh, Kamran Shateri
The liver condition was evaluated following at least 6 h of fasting by an experienced radiologist. To assess the severity of steatosis the ultrasonography (Siemens ACUSON S2000 Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was performed with previously described methodology [31]. The amount of fat accumulation is associated with an increase in the degree of echogenicity in ultrasound. Accordingly, steatosis was divided into 4 degrees: grade 0 with normal echogenicity, grade 1 or mild in which the echogenicity of the liver increases and the ability to see blood vessels and sound penetration in the liver tissue is normal, grade 2 or moderate in that the vascular wall are seen vaguely and the sound penetration is reduced, and grade 3 or severe, in which the arteries are difficult to see and the sound penetration is very limited. Due to a lower sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in diagnosis of grade 1 steatosis, in the present study only people with grades 2 or 3 were recruited. Also, this method is most accurate at BMI between 18.5 and 30, so the participants were recruited in the same range. The size of the liver was also divided into large and normal by the radiologist based on its appearance.